Steel Design Free Essays

string(213) strategy for deciding the flexible crucial point in time for lateraltorsional clasping Mcr !!!!!!!! May utilize ‘LTBeam’ programming (can be downloaded from CTICM ?????? website) Or may utilize strategy introduced by L. STEEL BEAM DESIGN Laterally Unrestrained Beam Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 1 Non-dimensional thinness Beam conduct closely resembling yielding/clasping of sections. M Wyfy Material yielding (in-plane twisting) MEd Elastic part clasping Mcr Lcr 1. We will compose a custom article test on Steel Design or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now 0 Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Non-dimensional thinness Unrestrained Beam ? LT 2 Lateral torsional clasping Lateral torsional clasping Lateral torsional clasping is the part clasping mode related with slim shafts stacked about their significant pivot, without ceaseless sidelong restriction. On the off chance that persistent sidelong restriction is given to the bar, at that point parallel torsional clasping will be forestalled and disappointment will happen in another mode, by and large in-plane twisting (as well as shear). Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 3 Eurocode 3 Eurocode 3 states, likewise with BS 5950, that both crosssectional and part twisting obstruction must be checked: MEd ? Mc ,Rd Cross-area check (In-plane bowing) MEd ? Mb,Rd Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam Member clasping check 4 Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 5 Laterally Unrestrained Beam The plan of shaft in this Lecture 3 is thinking about pillars in which either no sidelong restriction or just irregular parallel limitation is given to the pressure spine Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 6 Lateral Torsional Buckling Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 7 Lateral Torsional Buckling Figure 3-1 shows an over the top shaft exposed to stack increase. The pressure spine excessive and bar isn't sufficiently firm. There is a propensity for the shaft to distort sideways and curve about the longitudinal hub. The disappointment mode which may happen to the bar is called parallel torsional clasping. Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 8 ?Involves both avoidance and curving turn ?Out-of plane clasping. Bowing Resistance M c, Rd ? M pl ? W pl f y ?M0 Due with the impact of LTB, the twisting opposition of cross segment become less. Disappointment may happens prior then expected Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 9 Examples of Laterally Unrestrained Beam Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 10 Restrained Beam Comparsion Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 11 Intermittent Lateral Restrained Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 12 Torsional limitation Usually the two ribs are held in their relative situations by outer individuals during twisting. May be given by load bearing stiffeners or arrangement of sufficient end association subtleties. See Figure 3-4. Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 13 Beam without torsional restriction Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 14 Can be limited when: †¢ Minor pivot twisting †¢ CHS, SHS, roundabout or square bar †¢ Fully horizontally controlled bars †¢ ? LT 0. 2 (or 0. 4 at times) †Unrestrained length Cross-sectional shape End limited condition The second along the bar Loading †strain or pressure Unrestrained Beam 16 Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Lateral torsional clasping opposition Checks ought to be completed on every over the top fragment of pillars (between the focuses where horizontal limitation exists). Horizontal restriction Lateral limitation Lcr = 1. 0 L Lateral limitation Beam on plan Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 17 Three strategies to check LTB in EC3: †¢ The essential technique embraces the sidelong torsional clasping bends given by conditions 6. 56 and 6. 57, and is set out in condition 6. 3. 2. 2 (general case) and condition 6. 3. 2. 3 (for moved areas and comparable welded segments). The second is an improved appraisal strategy for bars with limitations in structures, and is set out in proviso 6. 3. 2. 4. †¢ The third is a general strategy for horizontal and parallel torsional clasping of auxiliary parts, given in provision 6. 3. 4. Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 18 Eurocode 3 states, likewise with BS 5950, that both cross-sectional and part bowin g obstruction must be confirmed: MEd ? Mc ,Rd Cross-segment check (In-plane twisting) MEd ? Mb,Rd Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam Member clasping check 19 Lateral-torsional clasping Eurocode 3 plan approach for parallel torsional clasping is closely resembling the olumn clasping treatment. The structure clasping opposition Mb,Rd of an along the side unreasonable shaft (or fragment of bar) ought to be taken as: Mb,Rd ? ?LT Wy fy ? M1 Reduction factor for LTB Lateral torsional clasping opposition: Mb,Rd = ?LT Wy fy ? M1 Equation (6. 55) Wy will be Wpl,y or Wel,y ?LT Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 is the decrease factor for horizontal torsional clasping Unrestrained Beam 21 Buckling bends †general case (Cl 6. 3. 2. 2) Lateral torsional clasping bends for the general case are given beneath : (as in Eq (6. 56)) ?LT ? 1 2 ? LT ? ?LT ? ?2 LT however ? LT ? 1. 0 ?LT ? 0. 5 [ 1 ? ?LT (? LT ? 0. ) ? ?2 ] LT Plateau length Imperfection factor from Table 6. 3 Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 E C3 Unrestrained Beam 22 Imperfection factor ? LT Imperfection factors ? LT for 4 clasping bends: (allude Table 6. 3) Buckling bend Imperfection factor ? LT a 0. 21 b 0. 34 c 0. 49 d 0. 76 Buckling bend determination For the general case, allude to Table 6. 4: Cross-segment Rolled I-segments Welded Isections Limits h/b ? 2 h/b 2 h/b ? 2 h/b 2 †Buckling bend a b c d Other crosssections Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 24 LTB bends 4 clasping bends for LTB (a, b, c and d) 1. 2 Reduction factor ? LT . 0. 8 0. 6 0. 4 0. 2 0. 0. 5 1. 5 Curve a Curve b Curve c Curve d 2. 5 0. 2 Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Non-dimensional thinness Unrestrained Beam ?LT 25 Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 26 horizontal torsional clasping thinness ? LT Mcr ? Wy f y Mcr Elastic basic clasping second Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 27 Non-dimensional slimness †¢ Calculate horizontal torsional clasping thinness: ? LT ? Wy f y Mcr †¢ Buckling bends concerning pressur e (with the exception of bend a0) †¢ Wy relies upon area order †¢ Mcr is the flexible basic LTB second Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unreasonable Beam 28 BS EN 1993-1-1 doesn't give a strategy for deciding the flexible crucial point in time for lateraltorsional clasping Mcr !!!!!!!! May utilize ‘LTBeam’ programming (can be downloaded from CTICM site) Or may utilize strategy introduced by L. You read Steel Design in classification Exposition models Gardner †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 29 Mcr under uniform second For regular end conditions, and under uniform second the versatile basic horizontal torsional clasping second Mcr will be: Mcr ,0 G IT Iw Iz Lcr ? EIz ? 2 Lcr 2 ? Iw Lcr GIT ? ? ? 2 ? ? EIz ? ? Iz 2 0. 5 is the shear modulus is the torsion consistent is the twisting steady is the inor pivot second snapshot of region is the clasping length of the bar Unrestrained Beam 30 Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Mcr under non-uniform second Numerical arrangements have been determined for various other stacking conditions. For uniform doubly-symmetric cross-areas, stacked through t he shear community at the degree of the centroidal pivot, and with the standard states of restriction depicted, Mcr might be determined by: ? EIz Mcr ? C1 2 Lcr 2 Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam ? Iw Lcr GIT ? ? ? 2 ? ? EIz ? ? Iz 2 0. 5 31 C1 factor †end minutes For end second stacking C1 might be approximated by the condition beneath, however different approximations likewise exist. C1= 1. 88 †1. 40y + 0. 52y2 yet C1 ? 2. 70 where y is the proportion of the end minutes (characterized in the accompanying table). Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 32 C1 factor †transverse stacking Loading and bolster conditions Bending second outline Value of C1 1. 132 1. 285 1. 365 1. 565 1. 046 Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 33 Design strategy for LTB Design methodology for LTB: 1. Decide BMD and SFD from configuration loads 2. Select area and decide geometry 3. Arrange cross-area (Class 1, 2, 3 or 4) 4. Decide powerful (clasping) length Lcr †relies upon limit conditions and burden level 5. Figure Mcr and Wyfy Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 34 Design system for LTB 6. Non-dimensional slimness ? LT ? Wy fy Mcr 7. Decide flaw factor ? LT 8. Ascertain clasping decrease factor ? LT 9. Configuration clasping obstruction 10. Check Mb,Rd ? ?LT Wy fy ? M1 MEd ? 1. 0 Mb,Rd for each excessive segment Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 35 LTB Example General game plan Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 36 LTB Example Design stacking is as per the following: 425. 1 kN A B C 319. 6 kN D 2. 5 m 3. 2 m 5. 1 m Stacking Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 37 LTB Example 267. 1 kN A B D 52. 5 kN SF C 477. 6 kN Shear power outline B A C D BM 1194 kNm 1362 kNm Bending second chart Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 38 LTB Example For the reasons for this model, parallel torsional clasping bends for the general case will be used. Horizontal torsional clasping looks at to be continued fragments BC and CD. By examination, fragment AB isn't basic. Attempt 762? 267? 173 UB in grade S 275 steel. Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 39 LTB Example b z tw h d y r z tf h = 762. 2 mm b = 266. 7 mm tw = 14. 3 mm tf = 21. 6 mm r = 16. mm A = 22000 mm2 Wy,pl = 6198? 103 mm3 Iz = 68. 50? 106 mm4 It = 2670? 103 mm4 Iw = 9390? 109 mm6 Dr. An Aziz Saim 2010 EC3 Unrestrained Beam 40 LTB Example For an ostensible material thickness (tf = 21. 6 mm and tw = 14. 3 mm) of between 16 mm and 40 mm the ostensible estimations of yield quality fy for grade S 275 steel (to EN 10025-2) is 265 N/mm2. From proviso 3. 2. 6: N/mm2. E = 21000

Coke vs. Pepsi in the 1990s free essay sample

Soda pops are more affordable to the shopper than these substitute items. Purchaser Propensity to Substitute Buyer inclination to substitute is low because of the legally binding connections between the soda pop organizations and the merchants. Be that as it may, different drinks, from filtered water to teas, turned out to be increasingly well known, particularly during the 1980s and 1990s. Coke and Pepsi reacted by growing their contributions, through collusions (e. g. Coke and Nestea). Providers Suppliers have less bartering power: The essential elements of sodas are sugar and bundling, which have numerous substitutes. For example, sugar can be supplanted by corn syrup or different sugars, and bundling can be prepared utilizing glass, plastic or metal jars. Every one of these wares exist in abundance in the market and are given by a few providers Supplier fixation Supplier focus is low because of the way that the fundamental fixings are sugar (stick and beet), water, different synthetic concoctions, and aluminum jars, plastic and glass bottles. Separation of Inputs Sugar is generally accessible while Nutrasweet is licensed. There is no separation for sugar and just a single decision in Nutrasweet. To the extent different synthetic compounds and information sources, they are product things, and it doesn't make a difference who supplies them. This causes providers to have little control over the soda pop industry. Purchasers Different degrees of dealing power exist among the gatherings of purchasers: The retail channels fundamentally incorporate food stores, comfort stores, wellspring outlets, and distributing. Distributing is the most beneficial circulation channels for the soda business. Concentrate Producers can sell their items straightforwardly to buyers through candy machines where there is no purchaser bartering power. Purchaser Concentration versus Industry Concentration Buyers for the soda business are individuals from an enormous system of bottlers and wholesalers that speak to the major soda pop organizations at the nearby level. Merchants buy the completed, bundled item from the soda organizations while bottlers buy the significant fixings. With the combination that has happened inside the business, there is little distinction between the two. Purchaser Information Distributors are exceptionally educated about the item that they are disseminating. Grocery stores, the central client for soda pop producers, were a profoundly divided industry. Stores didn't have a lot of haggling power. Their lone force was command over premium rack space, which could be dispensed to Coke or Pepsi items. This force gave them some power over soda benefit. Moreover, shoppers expected to pay less through this channel, so costs were lower, coming about in fairly lower productivity. New Entrants: Strong obstructions to new contestants in the soda pop industry: It is hard to another Concentrate Producer to enter the market. Coke and Pepsi are the primary movers in the business and have over 100 years of presence in the market. They have both kept their equation as a prized formula and constructed a solid brand picture. It is likewise hard for another bottler to enter the CSD business due the measure of capital speculation required, the reliance that exists between concentrate makers and bottlers, the restrictiveness of regions where bottlers convey items, and the entrance to retail channels, with which Coke and Pepsi supported ideal and long haul connections. Economies of Scale Size is an essential factor in decreasing working costs and having the option to make key capital expenses. By combining the divided packaging side of the business, working costs might be spread over a bigger deals base, which lessens the per-case cost of creation. Capital Requirements The prerequisites inside this industry are extremely high. Creation and dissemination frameworks are broad and important to contend with the business chiefs. The size of these uses makes this be a high hindrance to section. Exclusive Product Differences Each firm has brands that are special in bundling and picture, anyway any of the item contrasts that may create are effortlessly copied. Be that as it may, mystery equations do make a distinction or positive attitude that can't be copied. Total Cost Advantage Brands do have mystery recipes, which makes them one of a kind and new section into the business troublesome. New items must stay outside of licensed zones however these distinctions can be slight. This prompts the end that the outright cost advantage is a low obstruction inside this industry. Brand Identity This is a solid power inside the business. It requires some investment to build up a brand that has acknowledgment and client dedication. A very much perceived brand will encourage client dependability and makes the open door for genuine piece of the overall industry development, value adaptability, or more normal productivity. This is a high obstruction to passage. Access to Distribution is a basic achievement factor inside the business. Without the system, the item can't get to the last purchaser. The best soda pop makers are forcefully extending their conveyance channels and solidifying the autonomous packaging and circulation focuses. All in all, an industry investigation by Porter’s Five Forces uncovers that the soda business in 1994 was ideal for positive monetary benefit, as confirm in companies’ money related results. 2. How has the opposition among Coke and Pepsi influenced the concentrate benefits? Unmistakably both of the business chiefs have various procedures most definitely. Coca-Cola commands the business in deals volume and piece of the overall industry yet it isn't the equivalent on the off chance that we talk about inventive advertising and business technique endeavors. Pepsi produces 70 percent of its incomes from the U. S. , while Coca-Cola produces 71 percent of its from global markets. Pepsi gets 41 percent of its all out incomes from soda pops and the staying 59 percent originate from its tidbit and food business. Coke instaed gets the entirety of its incomes from its soda pops. Both have lemon-lime, citrus, root lager, and cola flavors. The moderately low degree of assorted variety makes the soda pop industry ugly for speculation. Rivalry among Coke and Pepsi influenced the concentrate benefits due the accompanying components: 1-Favorable segment inclines that helped the deals of soda pops. The per capita utilization of carbonated soda pops expanded from 22. 7 to 53 gallons over the period 1970-2000 and the deals of Coke went up from 5. 5 billion $ in 1980 to 20. 5 billion $ in 2000. In like manner, Pepsi has almost quadrupled its complete deals over a similar period to 20. 4 billion $. 2. The adjustment in the consumers’ taste is another key pattern in the business. Numerous substitutes to carbonated soda pops increased greater fame among shoppers. Utilization of filtered water expanded from 11. 8 of every 1998 to 13. gallons/capita in 2000, and that of juices from 10 to 10. 4 gallons/capita to the detriment of the carbonated sodas, whose utilization eased back somewhere around about 2% over a similar period. Accordingly, Pepsi and Coke put resources into item development to incorporate non carbonated soda pops. 3. Globalization is a significant move in the methodology of Pepsi and Coke, as the residential market turns out to be progressively adult. In this way, Pepsi and Coke need to target global markets and risk working abroad (political hazard, danger of national brand names). 3. Analyze the financial aspects of the concentrate business to the packaging industry: Why are contrasts in productivity so unmistakable? The financial aspects of the concentrate business and the packaging business are emphatically connected. The focus makers haggle in the interest of their providers, and they are eventually reliant on similar clients. Indeed, even on account of materials, for example, sugars that are consolidated legitimately into concentrates, they go along any arranged reserve funds straightforwardly to their bottlers. However the enterprises are very extraordinary regarding productivity. The key distinction between concentrate makers and bottlers is included worth. The greatest wellspring of included an incentive for concentrate makers is their exclusive, marked items. Coke has secured its formula for over a hundred years as a competitive innovation. Because of expanded chronicles and effective promoting endeavors, Coke and Pepsi are regarded commonly recognized names, giving their items an air of significant worth that can't be handily duplicated. Likewise difficult to reproduce are Coke and Pepsi’s advanced key and operational administration rehearses, another wellspring of included worth. Bottlers have fundamentally less included worth. Not at all like their concentrate makers partners, they don't have marked items or extraordinary equations. Their additional worth stems from their associations with concentrate makers and with their clients. They have over and again arranged agreements with their clients, with whom they chip away at a continuous premise, and whose eccentric needs are natural to them. Through long haul, inside and out associations with their clients, they can serve clients successfully. Their other wellspring of gainfulness is their agreement associations with concentrate makers which award them selective domains and offer some cost investment funds. Restrictive domains forestall intra-brand rivalry, making oligopolies at the bottler level, which lessen competition and permit benefits. To additionally fabricate â€Å"glass houses,† as depicted by Nalebuff and Brandenberger (Co-opetition, p. 88), for their bottlers, concentrate makers go along a portion of their arranged gracefully reserve funds to their bottlers. Somewhere in the range of 1986 and 1993, the distinctions in included an incentive between concentrate makers and bottlers brought about a significant move in gainfulness inside the business. While industry benefit expanded by 11%, focus makers benefits arrive at 130% on a for each case premise, w

Beautiful Things by Grace VanderWaal free essay sample

January 15, 2004 a star was conceived in the town of Lenexa, Kansas. Leading her first melody at three. At that point Moving into a smallish town on the edge ofNew York and discovers her enthusiasm to play a ukulele, presently at twelve years old, going in front of an audience to the greatest ability appear on the planet. She is currently making a collection with her own composed music. Elegance VanderWaal, the following large star or guaranteed as the new Taylor Swift. Elegance VanderWaal, conceived in the town of Lenexa, Kansas in the time of 2004, later moving into Suffern, New York. As she moved into New York she proceeded to figure out how to play the ukulele from a family companion and Grace even began her own Youtube channel. With her little ukulele, Grace proceeded to sing at open mic evenings close to her town of Suffern and sang her very own portion music or of different craftsmen. We will compose a custom paper test on Lovely Things by Grace VanderWaal or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page As Grace proceeds to get her name known with some littler towns, she made a greater stride. A stage onto the phase of one of the greatest ability appears on the planet, Americas Got Talent. On June 7, 2016 Grace walked around A totally different world with an assortment of ability. Venturing to the mic, she sang one of her own pieces, â€Å"I Don’t Know My Name†. After the exhibition she left the crowed hopping to their feet with cheers and shining grins. As the group quieted the adjudicators offered their remarks and gave her four yeses. In spite of the fact that she got the four yeses the greatest honor was the brilliant bell squeezed by Howie Mandel, one of the dazzled judges.As the packed blended indeed Simon Cowell offered the remark, â€Å"you are the following Taylor Swift.†, he expressed. As the show proceeded with Grace got a free ride to Semi-Finals with her brilliant bell. August 23, 2016 she entered the stage indeed with her ukulele she sang out to th e individuals some other time; singing another of her melodies, â€Å"Beautiful Things†, a tune about self-assurance and self esteem. Indeed the adjudicators revered and the group raved about her, presently moving onto the last round.With a dark stenciled foundation and a by and by her ukulele she sung out once again on the phase of ability, singing another of unique perfect works of art, â€Å"Clay†. The tune she said was a blessing to her sister and how you shouldnt let others characterize you. With her last execution Grace took the success with her mainstream melody, â€Å"Clay†. The tryouts leaving the group hungry for additional. As her last tryout wrapped up and not long after Grace marked an agreement with â€Å"Columbia Record†, to make her new collection recording beginning in october 2016. â€Å"I Don’t Know My Name† surprised the music sheets; Billboards Digital Song Sales Chart at No. 34 additionally taking No.24 on Bubbling Unde r Hot chart.† I Don’t Know My Name†, is an appealing tune about being the individual you genuinely are, not being hesitant to change for yourself, looking at changing looks and exercises to discover what fulfills an individual. The melody with a basic beat and a redundancy of verses until the end giving tune motivation to stick in someones mind for quite a long time at once. The melody driving her to acclaim and a little young ladies blessing from heaven. a little young lady leading melodies since three became wildly successful. Venturing onto probably the greatest stage in America; winning it with thousand of fans and four exceptional adjudicators. Presently making her own collection at twelve years old and overwhelming the world. A young lady with a fantasy, Grace Vanderwaal the following Taylor Swift.

Interaction Theories Essay Example for Free

Collaboration Theories Essay A. Thoroughly analyze two of the models or hypotheses introduced in this part thinking about their handiness by and by, research, training and organization. For the reasons for this conversation, I have chosen King’s Theory of Goal Attainment and Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations. On a wide point of view, the two hypotheses target clarifying the cooperation forms that occur between an attendant and her patient. Imogene King’s fundamental presumption of her hypothesis is that the medical caretaker and the customer convey data, set objectives commonly, and act to achieve those objectives. The equivalent can really be said with Peplau’s hypothesis wherein she expresses that nursing is a relational procedure since it includes communication between at least two people with a shared objective, the fulfillment of which is accomplished using a progression of steps, and that the medical attendant and patient work together so both become developed and proficient all the while. A ton of similitudes can be seen from the two fills in as they attempt to clarify the nursing procedure in a medical attendant patient cooperation level. see fig. 1) The ideas of individual, wellbeing, condition and nursing are repeating topics on the two speculations as they endeavor to coordinate it with every one of their own communication models. The deviation between the two hypotheses happen where the focal point of their examination lie in the present nursing practice. Ruler concentrated on the significant idea of communicating frameworks: Personal, relational and social frameworks, and ho w the exactness of figuring out which framework is most material would prompt possible exchange. As a result of the seriousness of her condition, the crisis room attendants going to for this specific patient quickly started taking activities to balance out her condition, for example, making sure about an IV line, drawing blood for labs, applying oxygen and doing an ECG all simultaneously. When asked by a medical caretaker to take her arranged portion of ibuprofen the patient frightfully verbalized, â€Å"What would you say you are doing to me? † Soon after, when the patient’s condition didn't altogether improve however deteriorated, the doctor prompted the spouse that patient be brought to the cardiovascular catheterization lab for an angiogram. The customer was unyielding that she would not like to take intense measures, however the spouse showed that he needed whatever was important to improve his wife’s condition. This is a brilliant case of a customer losing the feeling of self-hood. Concerning the idea of self, King (1981) expressed â€Å"If medical attendants and different experts collaborate with patients or customers as people, and let the people act naturally, medical attendants and patients would enable each other to develop in mindfulness and in comprehension of human conduct, particularly in upsetting beneficial encounters. † In a domain that expects one to be receptive and responsive, customers frequently see nurture as being excessively occupied or excessively rushed. Lord (1981) urged medical caretakers to know about how they present themselves to their customers in light of the fact that the way wherein attendants go into a client’s room establishes the pace for the whole experience. Poor relational abilities lead to poor exchanges and collaborations between the medical caretaker and the customer. Poor relational abilities additionally influence objective defining and objective accomplishment (Williams, 2001). It is exclusively a direct result of this observation that legitimate â€Å"scripting† with the patients has been continually emphasized to all nursing work force and including even the care staff. As a distinct difference with the model introduced above, here is where King’s Theory of Goal Attainment was utilized in the crisis room setting. Understanding ST, a 32-year old male injury quiet who went to the crisis room because of an awful removal of an arm auxiliary to an engine vehicle mishap. The appraisal period of the nursing procedure can take in the ideas related with the individual framework. When the patient has been hemodynamically balanced out, the nurse’s consideration is presently centered around helping the patient adapt to the sentiments of misfortune, partition and outrage that he is encountering. The patient’s sentiments of observation, self-perception, development and improvement, reality must be considered in the wake of doing the essential study of aviation route, breathing and flow. Truth be told, this is even indicated in my institution’s â€Å"Emergency Room Nursing Database† in its endeavors to satisfy the JCI necessities in documentation. Endeavoring to reestablish the patient’s confidence in the light of the horrible misfortune is a commonly settled objective between the medical attendant and the customer. It is additionally significant for the attendant to understand that the patient’s perceptual field is limited as a result of the torment and feeling that he is presently encountering. King’s hypothesis features the significance of the interest of the people in dynamic and manages the decisions, choices, and results of nursing care. The hypothesis offers understanding into the nurses’ cooperations with the people and gatherings inside nature (Williams, 2001). Component of the hypothesis of Imogene King is generally applied explicitly in relational and social frameworks. As a rule, the method of association being utilized in the crisis office is a dyad (2 individuals cooperating), where the view of a patient is changed on account of a correspondence that happens furnishing training to a patient with information shortfall. Such a model happens in guaranteeing a patient and its noteworthy others’ consistence; if the patient doesn't comprehend the significance of a specific intercession or medicine, participation and adherence will be hard to accomplish. However, when the attendant instructs them with legitimate medical attendant patient cooperation and helpful correspondence, consistence and adherence to clinical routine can be accomplished. King’s Goal Attainment Theory (Client-Centered Theory) is undoubtedly what we are rehearsing in the day by day schedule of the emergency clinic and in some other clinical setting. Giving the patient the relevant data of what will occur or what's going on will diminish the patient’s nervousness that adds to tachycardia, anxiety and give them a feeling of control of the circumstance.

Analysing Business Ethics And Corporate Social Responsibility Philosophy Essay

Breaking down Business Ethics And Corporate Social Responsibility Philosophy Essay The topic of business morals has been at the front line of business reads for quite a few years. It is an issue that has been talked about by everybody from savants to business analysts, a considerable lot of whom put an accentuation on the social duty of organizations and their investors. With the extraordinary achievement and benefits that enterprises include experienced inside ongoing history it is nothing unexpected that moral issues may emerge. Be that as it may, is it the obligation of organizations to help kill such issues regardless of whether doing so is in direct clash with investor premiums? This paper will clarify the partner and investor hypotheses of corporate administration and contend for the partner hypothesis based on the damages the investor contention presents as far as both social obligation and the solidness of the enterprise. So as to completely concretize its contention it will utilize research of Edward Freeman, Milton Friedman, and John Boatright. Partner hypothesis is one of the most notable speculations of business the executives. Overseeing for partners depends on a lot of connections among bunches which have a stake in the exercises that make up the business. This can incorporate however isn't constrained to clients, providers, workers, investors, banks, and so on. Officials assume a vital job in the action of the business since they are relied upon to care for the strength of the general endeavor, to keep changed stakes moving in generally a similar course, and to keep them in balance. (Freeman R. E.: 2008, Managing for Stakeholdersp.63) Freeman clarifies that the essential obligation of the official is to make however much incentive as could be expected for partners. Where partner intrigues conflict, the official is required to work to discover arrangements and unite these interests. Administrators must comprehend that business is completely arranged in the domain of mankind. (Freeman R. E.: 2008, Managing for Stakeholde rsp.64) The advantage of the partner hypothesis is that organizations, and the administrators who oversee them, really do and ought to make an incentive for clients, providers, workers, networks, and agents (or investors). Edward Freeman clarifies in his paper The Purpose of the Corporation that the model of business is not, at this point useful, is impervious to change, not predictable with the law, and generally, just overlooks matters of morals. He expresses, every one of these blemishes is lethal in the business universe of the twenty-first century. (Freeman, R. E.: 2008, Managing for Stakeholders, pp. 56) By utilizing the partner as an essential unit of investigation, it is increasingly hard to disregard matters of morals. To clarify this, Edward Freeman contends that the essential duty of the official is to make however much incentive for partners as could be expected, and that no individual partners intrigue is a higher priority than that of another partner. This thus ensures the priv ileges of the considerable number of partners. The issues that posture hazard exist in the investors free enterprise hypothesis. Besides, if the partner hypothesis is inspected, one would locate that all partners have rights and in the event that one is denied theirs, the others are certainly influenced. Edward Freeman further backings this with a contention about character. He clarifies that perhaps the most grounded contention for partner hypothesis concerns character since it requests that officials and business visionaries consider the topic of what sort of organization they need to make and assemble. (Freeman, R. E.: 2008, Managing for Stakeholders, p. 66) Finally, Freeman represents the logical thinker contention which tries to know how we can live better, how we can make both ourselves and our networks in manners where esteems, for example, opportunity and solidarity are available in our regular daily existences to the maximal degree. (Freeman, R. E.: 2008, Managing for Stakeholders, p.66). For the realist, business and its nearby relative private enterprise have advanced into a social practice, a signi ficant one that we use to make worth and exchange with one another. Thusly, the partner model is continually planning to locate the most ideal answer for all gatherings associated with the organization. Its social duty exists in the organization overall. Social duty comes in numerous structures and perceiving any one structure implies it is required to perceive all. On the other hand, Friedman expresses that if these are social duties, they are of people not of a business. (Friedman, The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profits, p.52) He fights that, in any circumstance, the official would go through somebody elses cash for the social obligation. For instance, if the official makes uses on lessening contamination past the sum that is to the greatest advantage of the partnership; and he at that point must recruit bad-to-the-bone jobless candidates rather than better qualified laborers, he is going through someones cash by decreasing comes back to investors for his ecological obligation and bringing down wages of certain workers by spending what he would have given to an increasingly experienced representatives. As indicated by Friedman, if the workers, investors, or shoppers, need to go through their cash towards social obligation then it is their cash and their choice. Friedman closes his paper by expressing; in my book Capit alism and Freedom, I have considered it an on a very basic level incendiary teaching in a free society, and have said that is such a general public, there is one and only one social duty of business to utilize its assets and take part in exercises intended to build its benefits inasmuch as it remains inside the guidelines of the game, or, in other words, takes part in open and free rivalry without double dealing or extortion. (Friedman, The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profits, p.55) Friedmans point here can be utilized to comprehend the partners advantage since it is its own type of social obligation. Who is to state that social duty must be characterized in tight terms? What is clear is that nobody set of standards can unequivocally characterize it and in the event that under these questionable conditions a partnership figures out how to accomplish it, at that point it has ensured the privileges of the partners, hence making social obligation. Also, John Boatright clarifies that promoters of partner the board are right in their request that the cutting edge revenue driven enterprise should serve the interests of all partner gatherings. Where partner the board fizzles is in its refusal to perceive that a business association working in light of a legitimate concern for investors doesn't need to be in struggle with the premiums of partner gatherings. Boatright expect that this disappointment is expected in huge part, to a second misstep with respect to defenders of partner the executives. Partner the executives expect that administration dynamic is the principle vehicle by which the advantages of corporate riches creation are conveyed among partners, yet these advantages can likewise be acquired in different manners; to be specific by bunches cooperating with an organization through the market. This is the place Boatright is facing a challenge in his contention since he needs the enterprise to acquire its advantages remotely when it very well may be done inside. The advantage of the partner hypothesis is that all the rights are ensured starting from the top, top partners right to the buyers at the base of the model. At the point when all stakes have their privileges safeguarded by the official similarly, there is no requirement for the enterprise to act to the greatest advantage of the investors exclusively. The administrative model positions its investors at the focal point of the firm as the chief gathering for administrators to stress over. Expanding investor esteem has become normal insight in present day business and numerous organizations have initiated complex motivating force remuneration plans planned for adjusting the premiums of officials to the premiums of investors. (Freeman, R. E.: 2008, Managing for Stakeholders page.57) Edward Freeman presents three contentions with respect to investors. Right off the bat, he clarifies that administration of the firm gets isolated from the responsibility for firm and so as to be fruitful the top chiefs of the organization were required to fulfill the proprietors, workers, providers, associations, and clients. In the event that chiefs stressed over the investors just, the partners will thusly be hurt. At the point when the partners are hurt, the entire organization is hurt prompting insecurity. From another edge, Freeman clarifies that the model stances mischief and hazard since it is so inflexible. It brazenly puts investors premiums far beyond the premiums of clients, providers, workers, and others, as though these premiums must clash with one another. The main change that issues is the caring that is situated toward investor esteem. What's more, Edward Freeman likewise clarifies that the law of companies offers a not exactly away from to the subject of in whose intrigue and for whose advantage the company ought to be administered. It has developed to give an accepted remaining to the cases of gatherings other than investors. Much progressively unsafe is the way that the investor model isn't predictable with fundamental morals. For all intents and purposes any business choice has some moral substance or concern. Milton Friedman alludes to this by expressing that, duty of the official is to make benefits subject to law and moral custom. The motivation behind morals is to make a superior world for us all. (Freeman, R. E.: 2008, Managing for Stakeholders p.60) Various scholars have contended that the principle reason that the predominant model of overseeing for investors is a decent one is that it prompts the best ramifications for all included. These contentions summon Adam Smiths thought of the undetectable hand, whereby every business entertainer seeks after her own personal responsibility and the best great of all really rises. (Freeman, R. E.: 2008, Managing for Stakeholders p.65)

Why Clickbait Works (And Why You Should Do More of It)

Why Clickbait Works (And Why You Should Do More of It) We’ve all found ourselves in such situations:You are busy on your computer, conducting some internet research for your latest article or project. While reading through the information on a webpage, an article on the side bar catches your attention. “You won’t believe how these five billionaires made their wealth. Number 5 will shock you!”Who wouldn’t want to know the unbelievable ways through which billionaires made their money? Who knows, you could even get some ideas on how to become a billionaire yourself.So you click on the article, but unfortunately, there is nothing unbelievable or even mildly interesting about the article.However, on the side bar of this page are several other articles with such enticing titles.Good luck not clicking on them!Today, it is almost impossible to surf the internet without coming across articles with enticing titles trying to convince you to click on them.One minute, you are reading about tips on how to get your dream job, and the next, yo u are clicking through pictures of celebrity homes.The funny thing about clickbait articles is that we almost always know that they are clickbait.However, this does not stop us from falling for them hook, line, and sinker.There is something about them that seems to overrun our self-will.This is why you will find yourself clicking on the next article about “The scariest places on earth,” even if the one you just finished reading about “Five things about Donald Trump that will shock you” did not actually leave you shocked.Why do we always fall for these articles?WHAT IS CLICKBAIT, AND WHY DOES IT WORK? Clickbait refers to pieces of digital content that are meant to lure you to click on them by playing on your psychology.They grab your attention either due to their shock value, their sensationalism, or due to how relatable they are to you.In most cases, since the intention of the clickbait author is to simply get clicks and page views, MOST clickbait content does not actually d eliver on its promise, and if it does, it does so in a very poor manner. What matters is that you did actually click to view the content.Sometimes, however, some clickbait content does deliver what it promised.There are still arguments on whether such content should be considered as clickbait or not.It is no secret that clickbait content is very effective at attracting the attention of internet users.Riding on clickbait content, sites like BuzzFeed and Upworthy have been able to capitalize on people’s curiosity to draw tons of traffic to traffic every month.BuzzFeed attracts over 5 billion unique page views every month, while Upworthy attracts well over 200 million unique views on Facebook using this very strategy.So, what is it about clickbait content that keeps us clicking even when we know that we are being baited? There are several reasons why clickbait works. These include:Clickbait Preys on Our EmotionsClickbait takes advantage of behavioral science. While we like to think o f ourselves as highly logical and rational creatures, the truth is that humans are highly emotional.Clickbait authors know this, and therefore they create clickbait titles in such a way to appeal to our emotions.If you take a closer look at most clickbait titles, you will notice that most of them evoke emotions such as fear, envy, sadness, anger, surprise, inspiration, excitement, humor, and so on.This is not by accident, but rather by design.Already, studies show that emotions have a huge on what we click on.What’s more, the more extreme and polarizing these emotions are, the more likely they are to get us to click.Clickbait Takes Advantage of Our CuriosityAside from being driven by emotions, rather than logic and rationality, human beings are also very curious.Various theories have been postulated to explain why curiosity is such a huge influence on human behavior.The most popular theory is the information gap theory, which was proposed by George Loewenstein.According to this th eory, whenever someone perceives that there is a gap between what they know and what they would like to know, this triggers an emotional response that creates an uncomfortable feeling of deprivation.Once this uncomfortable feeling of deprivation is triggered, a person will try as much as possible to reduce or eliminate this feeling by searching for the missing information.This is why you find it hard to ignore those “you won’t believe what happened next” articles.Even when we know we are being baited, we still go ahead and click on these articles.The desire to eliminate the cognitive discomfort of not knowing is greater than the disappointment of opening an article to find that it does not deliver on its promise.When you come across a clickbait article, the following questions go off on in your head?What if the article will actually show me the unbelievable ways through which millionaires make money?What if I’ll actually learn how to become irresistible to the opposite sex?T his will always drive people to click on these articles even when they know that they are clickbait.Reliance on Numbers and ListsPeople like numbers and lists for several reasons.First, numbers are a great way of organizing information and making it easier for the brain to consume.Given blocks of text versus information that has been reduced to numbers, people will opt for the latter.Second, numbers help give readers an idea of how long an article is and how much time and attention they will need to dedicate to reading the story.When you come across an article titled “5 things you never knew about the prince of Saudi”, you already know that there is a predetermined end point for the article, and you can easily tell how much of the article is remaining depending on where you are in the article.In addition, numbers eliminate or reduce the paradox of choice and give a measure of certainty to whatever it is you are reading.Finally, when you are scrolling through an endless stream of text, numbers tend to stand out â€" especially odd numbers.This is why a lot of clickbait authors rely on numbers and lists.You’ll notice that most clickbait headlines look something like this:5 things you never knew about….10 most shocking facts about…25 awesome products that will…19 mistakes that…They do this because they understand that numbers will catch your attention and will give you the perception that whatever information is contained in the article is more credible and easy to consume.Clickbait Relies on Your AnticipationWe have seen above the different tactics that clickbait content uses to catch out attention and get us to click on these headlines. However, here’s the thing.Clickbait content has been around for several decades, even before the advent of the internet.We know that more often than not, clicking on clickbait content will leave you disappointed.Once bitten twice shy logic would say that, as you get more exposed to clickbait content, its effective ness would decrease, since you know it probably consists of false, empty promises and emotional ploys.So, why is it that clickbait content is still effective despite people having been exposed to it for year?Here’s the thing about the human brain (and most animals as well).People have no problem putting up with huge amounts of disappointment, provided they occasionally get what they expected.The more unpredictable the occasions where they get what they expected, the higher the chances that they will put up with even greater amounts of disappointment.This is what gets people addicted to gambling in spite of losing a lot more times than they win.The same thing happens with clickbait content.While this kind of content disappoints most of the time, it sometimes delivers on what it promised.However, you have no way of knowing whether it will deliver this time round or not.Therefore, people keep clicking in the hope that they’ve chanced upon content that will actually satisfy their cu riosity.This is why clickbait content has remained effective, even when it seems that people should know better.HOW TO INCLUDE CLICKBAIT IN YOUR CONTENT MARKETINGWe have seen some of the reasons why clickbait is such an effective way of attracting readers’ attention. However, a lot of content marketers do not like using clickbait.This is due to the fact that clickbait attracts a bad rap.Sites like Buzzfeed and Upworthy rely on clickbait because it fuels their revenue stream.These sites generate revenue through ads, and for them, what counts are clicks and page views.They don’t care whether these visitors stick around long enough to read the content in their articles.Provided someone clicked on the article, this person contributes to visitor numbers, which can in turn be monetized to generate advertising revenue.On the other hand, if you are selling your own products or trying to promote your brand, you care about much more than clicks and page views.You want your visitors to sti ck around long enough to engage with your content and learn more about your brand and your products and services.Therefore, the conventional approach to clickbait content might not work for you.The visitors driven to your site through conventional clickbait methods will not translate into any meaningful ROI for you.Still, it is possible to drive attention to your website and drive impact by applying some aspects of clickbait marketing.Below are some tactics on how to use clickbait strategies to market your business without alienating your visitors or negatively affecting your brand.Use CliffhangersWe have already seen that people will try as much as they can to eliminate the discomfort of not knowing something they would like to know. Cliffhangers are the ultimate way to evoke your readers’ curiosity.The easiest way to employ cliffhangers in your sentence is to use the phrase “Things nobody tells you about” and then insert something your readers are struggling with.As you can see from the below screenshot, this is a tactic that is used even by Forbes.By hinting that there’s some secret information that is being kept from them and that could potentially help them with a problem they are facing, there’s no way your readers will avoid clicking on your article.Making this simple tweak to your headlines can lead to a significant increase in traffic to your article.Take a minute to analyze some of your headlines. If you are writing an article on “How to land your dream job,” consider changing it to “Things nobody tells you about landing your dream job.”Instead of “4 secrets to scoring amazing LinkedIn recommendations” change the headline to “4 things no one tells you about scoring amazing LinkedIn recommendations.”Once you use this tactic, it is important to then provide your readers with knowledge that is not commonly known by everyone, else you will be misleading your readers, which is something you want to avoid.Convert Your Articles Int o ListiclesWe saw that clickbait authors love using numbers in their headlines because the numbers catch the attention of readers, give the perception that the article is easy to read, and give readers a good idea of the amount of attention and time they need to expend on the article.Therefore, why not take advantage of this tactic to increase traffic to your articles by turning them into listicles?Instead of simply writing about “The critical elements of an effective project plan,” why not write about the “The 10 critical elements of an effective project plan?”Use “Need To Know” In Your Headlines Using “need to know” in your headlines is another way of tapping into people’s curiosity to drive them to click on your articles. Such headlines imply that there is some information that they are supposed to know, but do not know.This triggers the reader’s FOMO and the cognitive discomfort we discussed earlier. Using this tactic to drive traffic to your articles is pretty easy.Just take any regular informative article and add “need to know” in its headline. To make the headline even more likely to drive clicks, add a number to it.For instance, if you have article on “How to get ladies to fall in love with you,” edit the headline to “5 things you need to know to get ladies to fall in love with you.”Trust me, the second headline will attract more traffic than the first.Ride on Celebrities’ FameIt is common knowledge that humans love to gossip, and all people engage in some form of gossip. We have an innate drive to want to know about other people’s lives.The mor e famous these people are, the higher the drive.This is why the celebrity gossip industry is worth over $3 billion, and is the same reason why a lot of clickbait content centers on celebrities â€" what celebrities did, what they wore, the cars they drive, the houses they live in, who they are dating, and so on.While you don’t have to share to share clickbait gossip articles to attract traffic to your website, you can still ride on celebrities’ fame to drive people to your articles while at the same time offering value to your readers.To do this, take a topic that is interesting to your readers, find a celebrity who is relevant to this topic, and include their name in your article headline.For instance, if you are writing about wealth generation, you can a headline like, “How to invest your money like Bill Gates.”This headline is certainly going to pull bigger traffic compared to “How to invest your money.”Ride on Hot Topics and Current EventsThis is a tactic that has bee n around for ages, and one that clickbait authors have perfected.Whenever there is a topic or event that is generating a lot of buzz, people will definitely want to learn more about the topic or event, and you can take advantage of this interest to drive traffic to your website or article.For instance, if it is the holiday season and you want to talk about a boring topic such as personal finance, you could write an article on “10 ways to save money this Christmas.”Since it’s the holiday season, a lot of people are searching for things related to Christmas, and making such a tweak to your headline can help you gain more traffic.Similarly, if there is a trending show, such as the Game of Thrones did earlier this year, you can include catchphrases from the show in your headlines, but you should make sure they fit organically.In addition to helping tap into the huge traffic seeking information about a hot topic, including a trending keyword on your headline will also boost your se arch engine rankings.Use Shock Value This is another practice that clickbait authors have perfected. If you look at most clickbait articles, you will notice that they use words and phrases such as “you won’t believe what happened…” “You’ll never guess what happened…” “Unbelievable,” “Shocking,” “amusing,” and so on.Such words and phrases play on shock value to raise readers’ curiosity.These words make a promise to the reader that they will find information that will stun them.Incorporating such words and phrases into your headlines can help you attract more traffic to your articles.There’s one thing you need to keep in mind, however.Such words raise the expectations of your readers.Therefore, if you are going to use such words in your article, you should make sure that the content within the article is strong enough to meet your reader’s expectations.If you are unable to deliver what you promised in your headline, this will only end up hurting your brand, and readers will lose trust in your content.Stir ControversyI mentioned earlier that the more polarizing or extreme a message is, the stronger the emotion this message will evoke, which in turn increases the likelihood of people responding to the message or wanting to find out more about what it claims.You can take advantage of this to drive more traffic to your articles by offering very strong opinions about a topic.People will want to know why you are making such claims, thereby increasing their likelihood of clicking on your articles.In addition, such opinions will drive engagement as people try to share their opinion or tell you why you are wrong.The debate you spark by posting controversial opinions could even cause your content to go viral, which will in turn attract even greater attention to your content.Abodo used this tactic perfectly with this article about some of the racist cities in America.The article sparked a huge and heated debate, and in the process, the article ended up being shared on social m edia over 67,000 times.That said, you should also exercise a bit of caution if you decide to use this strategy.Go for opinions that are unpopular but tolerable. Going for highly sensitive topics can backfire on you and your brand.WRAPPING UPEveryone hates clickbait content, but it remains to be one of the most effective ways of getting readers’ attention and driving traffic to websites.Despite the bad rap it gets, you can still use clickbait strategies to get people to your site without alienating your visitors or negatively impacting your brand.Clickbait is all about how you write your headlines, and by adopting the clickbait strategies discussed above, you can significantly boost the amount of traffic on your website.That said, I need to give a disclaimer.The reason people hate clickbait content is because in most cases, it does not deliver on what it promises.If you want to use these clickbait headline strategies effectively without ruining your brand, you need to make sure tha t your content always matches what is promised in the headline.If you promise your readers 10 unbelievable facts about something, you should deliver ten facts about this thing, and these 10 facts should be unbelievable.If you are able to do that, applying these clickbait strategies in your content marketing will definitely work for you.

Juvenile Justice US Supreme Court Decisions - 825 Words

Juvenile Justice: US Supreme Court Decisions (Essay Sample) Content: Juvenile JusticeNameTutorInstitutionJuvenile Justice: US Supreme Court decisionsIt is rare for issues relating to the juvenile delinquency to appear before the Supreme Court of U.S. starting late 1960s however, Supreme Court has decided a number of cases which has dramatically challenged and changed the procedures as well as the character of U.S juvenile justice system. The Supreme Court makes many ruling on cases involving the rights of elderly, women, gays, victims and young people. Among the landmark decisions involving the constitutional rights of the juvenile includes Roper v. Simmons and also Graham v. Florida (Neuberger, Fradella, 2013).In 2005, the U.S Supreme Court made a decision in a five-four vote which stated that executing juveniles who was charged with murder before reaching the age of eighteen years was against the Eighth U.S Constitution Amendment. In one of the landmark cases, Roper v. Simmons, the Supreme Court decide to abolish the death sentence charged to the juveniles who were under 18 years. This case was about a 17 year old boy who forcefully broke into a home of a woman, he tied her up and then he threw the women in the river from the bridge hence committing capital murder. The state court had earlier tried the defendant as an adult and hence sentencing him to death. The Supreme Court ruled in favour of the defendant as he was a minor when he committed the capital offence.In 2010, the Supreme Court of U.S made a decision on a case involving Graham v. Florida. Graham who was 17 years-old juvenile was initially arrested and later sentenced for committing robbery in a restaurant at Florida and during the robbery the manager of the restaurant was serious injured. Graham subsequently attempted a home invasion robbery where he had handgun thus violating his probation. A state court sentenced him into a life imprisonment without any possibility of parole. Impact of Supreme Court decisionGraham appealed for the states court de cision on the basis of unusual and cruel punishment as he was a minor while committing the robbery offence. In the landmark decision, U.S Supreme Court made a decision in favour of Graham by stating that sentencing juvenile into life imprisonment and denying him a parole for unharmed crime amounted to violation our Eighth Amendment of the constitution.The decision of U.S Supreme Court on Graham v. Florida marked the beginning of a new constitutional principle in which the juveniles are considered to be different and the children are given constitutional rights of been treated different and this was opposed to a situation where the state chooses to or not treat children differently.In the case of Roper v. Simmons, the Supreme Court considered several factors which include, the public opinion, state practices and trends and the legislative statistical information on the juveniles (560 U.S., 2010). Additionally, the court also took into ac...

What Are the Effects of Adhd in the Classroom - 5060 Words

AEN Module Essay on an area of educational need: ADHD. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common and most distressing disorders amongst school-age children, yet it is probably one of the least well understood. It has received a lot of awareness mainly because of the large numbers of children receiving drug treatment for the disorder. Where children have behavioural problems and parents are finding it hard to manage, it is expected that they will turn to teachers for guidance and help. ADHD can drastically affect childrens development at school, not only their work but also their social progress and the relationships that they have with teachers and their peers. If not identified early, long-term†¦show more content†¦Hyperactivity, for example, is more frequent in children from families with marital discord, conflict and hostile parent-child relationships (Taylor, 1994). Parents of ADHD children are more likely to be more negative towards their children than other parents (Cunningham and Barkl ey, 1979), but this could be a response to the demands of living with a child with challenging behaviour (Barkley, 1990; Taylor, 1994). The progress of associated problems such as conduct disorder may also be parenting and social factors. Diet A study by Feingold (1975) first brought up the idea that diet may be an influential factor in ADHD and some single cases studies have recommended that a chance in diet can be beneficial for some individuals. More recent studies, however, have confirmed little or no effect of a change of diet and Barkley (1990) concluded that there was little verification to support diet being a causal factor. I believe that the most likely causes appear to fall into the area of neurobiology and genetics. I do not discard that environmental factors may influence the aspects of the disorder, but I believe suchShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1058 Words   |  5 PagesIn classrooms today, there are many children who suffer from disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (or ADHD/ADD.) While much is known about these disorders and how they affect the education of children, there are only a few known methods that consistently help an affected child focus and target in on what they need to learn. Medication for children With Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder must be used as an aid to help the affected child to focus and comprehend informationRead MoreThe Class Placement of Students with ADD/ADHD1721 Words   |  7 Pagessuch as ADD/ADHD are continuously perceived as incompetent to adapt to a traditional classroom setting with students w ho have no learning disabilities. Consequently, many students with learning disabilities are placed in classrooms that are designated only for students with learning disabilities. Schools use a non-inclusive setting when students with learning impairments like ADD/ADHD are placed in a â€Å"special class† with other learning impairment students. This non-inclusive classroom placement causesRead MoreEssay about Students With ADD/ADHD and Class Placement1218 Words   |  5 PagesContemporary students with learning-disabilities such as ADD/ADHD are continuously perceived as incompetent to adapt in an ordinary classroom setting with other students without learning-disabilities. Consequently, many students with learning disabilities are placed in classrooms that are designated only for students with learning disabilities. It is because of this classroom placement problem that many learning-impaired students are doing worse academically and socially in a non-inclusive settingRead MoreAdhd And Its Effects On Children Essay1588 Words   |  7 Pagesdiagnosed with ADHD, 60 million children and adults in the U.S. who struggle with learning and attention issues as reported by the National Center of Learning Disabilities. Approximately 5% of school-aged children and adolescents are highly affected. Currently, medication seems to be the first line of treatment for ADHD and there are many side effects that go along with that because it is a stimulant medication. Stimulant medicines do not help with all behaviors and signs of ADHD. ADHD is the most commonRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1181 Words   |  5 PagesAttention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental disorder, is becoming more and more predominant every year throughout the entire world. It is one of the most common disorders that today’s children have. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, â€Å"Rates of ADHD diagnosis increase d an average of 3% per year from 1997 to 2006 and an average of approximately 5% per year from 2003 to 2011,† which illustrates that this disorder is becoming a common one to diagnoseRead MoreTeaching Students with Adhd1433 Words   |  6 PagesTeaching Students with ADHD J. Palmer Capella University Abstract In recent history, the number of students diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder has grown tremendously; causing teachers to face new challenges on how to instruct students with behavioral and learning difficulties. Students with ADHD have not only the privilege, but also the right to learn according to the Public Law 94-142 and the Americans with Disabilities Act. There is growing debate about methods that areRead MoreEffective Management Techniques For Children With Adhd1386 Words   |  6 Pageshelp kids with ADHD There are many things that a teacher should do, and has to do and one of those things is b an advocate for one of their students if there is a need for that. One thing that I have been thinking about a lot when it comes to topics that are important to be a child’s advocate for and that is ADHD. This is an important topic so I will be giving teachers some ways of how to help the teacher keep kids with ADHD in a general education classroom, along with manage the ADHD that the kidsRead MoreChildren With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder1525 Words   |  7 Pagesworries about having the coolest pencils, making a sports team, and what they’re having for lunch. Unfortunately, children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) don’t have it so easy. Daily life in and outside of the classroom can be extremely difficult for such children; however, there are ways to help. The drug Ritalin helps elementary aged male children with ADHD improve test scores by allowing them to focus in the classroom and concentrate on schoolwork (Bronson). Not using a stimulantRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1346 Words   |  6 PagesMerrell, 2006). A child with this disorder can seem off task, too excited, disorganized, or distracted. ADHD effects between three and five percent of children, which means teachers will more than likely come into contact with a child of this disorder. As mentioned by Harlacher in â€Å"Class wide Interventions for Students with ADHD†, teachers should become familiar with some interventions necessary for ADHD children. Individual interventions are beneficial, but class wide interventions allow all childrenRead MoreBasic Treatment and Information on Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder: A Guide for EC and non-EC teachers1452 Words   |  6 PagesAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, is a behavior disability that affects children from 6-12 years of age and continues to show symptoms later in their adult life. Even though large amounts of the population are affected by ADHD, it is still unknown as to what the exact cause of ADHD. Depending on what type of diagnostic is used, there are anywhere from 1-2% to 6-7% of children around the world that have ADHD. Even though the exact cause of ADHD is not known, there are many people that

Ethical Issues in Couseling Confidentiality Essay

Ethical Issues in Counseling: Confidentiality According to Code of Ethics of the American Mental Health Counselors Association (2000) it has the following principle about confidentiality: At the outset of any counseling relationship, mental health counselors make their clients aware of their rights in regard to confidential nature of the counseling relationship. â€Å"They fully disclose the limits of, or exceptions to, confidentiality, and or the existence of privileged communication, if any. (Corey, Schneider Callanan, 2011) This previous paragraph clearly stating what our ethical approach to confidentiality should be can be found in section 3.a in the Code of Ethics of the AMHCA. This paper starts with this probably confusing to others†¦show more content†¦Speaking of ways that the Code of Ethics may be â€Å"broken† what do we do when is a life threatening situation like AIDS and there is a 3rd party involved? And What if it is a minor? What should we as counselor do? Will we be breaking the code of ethi cs? These are questions that rose in my mind when searching for articles for this paper and it is important to cover them. According to Elliot D. Cohen in his article titled â€Å" Confidentiality, counseling, and Clients who have AIDS: Ethical Foundations of a Model Rule† he points out that the Ethical Standards of the American Association of Counseling and Development (AACD) â€Å" the counseling relationship and information resulting therefrom must be kept confidential, consistent with the obligations of the member as a professional person† (AACD,1988,Section b.2) meaning that all information that is shared in a counseling session should be kept confidential, as a secret between client and counselor, and that is something that when we hear the word confidential we immediately think no information will be shared with anybody else, but there is certain circumstances where this ethical code might not apply. If you find out for a fact, that your client, that you have been treating has a life threatening disease like AIDS, and is having sexual relations with another person things might change a little,

René Laennec and the Invention of the Stethoscope

The stethoscope is an implement for listening to the internal sounds of the body. It is widely used by doctors and veterinarians to gather data from their patients, in particular, breathing and heart rate. The stethoscope may be acoustic or electronic, and some modern stethoscopes record sounds, as well.   The Stethoscope: An Instrument Born of Embarrassment The stethoscope was invented in 1816 by the French physician Renà © Thà ©ophile Hyacinthe Laà «nnec (1781-1826) at the Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital in Paris. The doctor was treating a female patient and was embarrassed to use the traditional method of Immediate Auscultation, which involved the doctor pressing his ear to the patients chest. (Laà «nnec recounts that the method was rendered  inadmissible by the age and sex of the patient.) Instead, he rolled up a sheet of paper into a tube, which allowed him to hear his patients heartbeat. Laà «nnecs embarrassment gave rise to one of the most important and ubiquitous medical instruments. The first stethoscope was a wooden tube similar to the ear horn hearing aids of the time. Between 1816 and 1840, the various practitioners and inventors replaced the rigid tube with a flexible one, but documentation of this phase of the device’s evolution is spotty. We do know that the next leap forward in stethoscope technology took place in 1851 when an Irish doctor named Arthur Leared invented a binaural (two-ear) version of the stethoscope. This was refined the next year by George Cammann and put into mass production.   Other improvements to the stethoscope came in 1926, when Dr. Howard Sprague of Harvard Medical School and M.B. Rappaport, an electrical engineer, developed a double-headed chest piece. One side of the chest piece, a flat plastic diaphragm, rendered higher-frequency sounds when pressed to the patient’s skin, while the other side, a cup-like bell, allowed sounds of a lower frequency to be discerned.

Hurricane Sandy Preparing For The Future Essay - 1122 Words

Hurricane Sandy: Preparing for the Future Junot Diaz once said â€Å"Disasters don’t just happen. They are always made possible by a series of often-invisible societal choices that implicate more than just those being drowned or buried in rubble† (Junot Diaz, 1). This quote introduces the idea of what is referred to as a social disaster. A social disaster can be a natural disaster such as earthquakes, tsunamis, or hurricanes etc. that are associated with some environmental, cultural, or political problem (Hovenac, 1). These societal problems can be a result of the natural disaster but more often issues that have always been there that are uncovered by the event of the natural disaster. When we look back at natural disasters that have occurred in United States, we notice that societal issues also arise with these events. A known example of this is when Hurricane Katrina hit the United States in 2005. As a result of the storm, researchers claimed that the socioeconomic st atus of those affected by the storm played a vital role in the damages that they face. This natural disaster brought attention to the pressing issue of the socioeconomic imbalance in our country and how it affects those in a natural disaster. Like Hurricane Katrina, Hurricane Sandy is another natural disaster that is also considered a social disaster. This storm, which struck the northeast coast of the United States in late October of 2012, uncovered some pressing societal issues in the United States.Show MoreRelatedDescription of superstorm sandy â€Å"Superstorm Sandy† is the unofficial name for Hurricane Sandy, the800 Words   |  4 PagesDescription of superstorm sandy â€Å"Superstorm Sandy† is the unofficial name for Hurricane Sandy, the deadliest and the most destructive hurricane of the 2012 hurricane season. It was a category three when it was at its peak. It was also the 18th storm named and the second major hurricane in the year 2012. While the hurricane was at its category two, it hit the Northeastern United States and was the largest Atlantic hurricane ever in terms of diameter with winds spanning 11,000 miles. The overall damageRead MoreAdaptive Capacity Of Coastal Cities3225 Words   |  13 Pagesthe Aftermath of Hurricane Sandy: The Role of Government Policy (NOAA) Introduction: The role of government and its response to during Hurricane Sandy in October of 2012 remains a controversial affair to this day. From a policy perspective the United States government, federal, state, and local levels could have been better prepared as described in this proposal. The debate on how well emergency management personnel was put into the national spotlight during Super Storm Sandy. News headlinesRead MoreFirst Responders During Natural Disasters2036 Words   |  9 PagesMajor Hurricane disasters along the coastlines have affected many cities and communities which have forced them to take into action and adopt the conception of emergency management, disaster preparedness, first responders and recovery planning. First responders play an intricate role during natural disaster; the first people to report on the scene are firefighters, police officers, paramedics and emergency medical technicians (EMT). These individuals risk their lives every day to make sure civiliansRead MoreThe Negative Impacts Of Hurricanes1774 Words   |  8 Pages Hurricanes are some of the costliest and most dangerous events that happen in our world. Many historical hurricanes like Harvey, Katrina, Sandy have killed hundreds of people and cost billions of dollars to repair the damages. But many reform bills and agencies throughout the years have either improved humanitarian conditions or became under tremendous scrutiny by the public for its lack of assistance. In addition, there have been many technological advances made to help people prepare before andRead MoreEssay on American Red Cross Ethical Struggles3182 Words   |  13 Pagesdistributed to the aid of 9/11 victims and their families. So where did the money go? At that time the President of the ARC Bernadine Healy claimed that the majority of the money that was donated went into the company’s corporate governance and/or future catastrophe preparation (Ferrell, 2011). Not to mention, the American Red Cross encour aged people to donate blood when blood was not needed at that time. This caused the ARC to be The American Red Cross (ARC) Apinya Rakklang Professor Afraa Al BahraniRead MoreThe Poor Management For Katrina2894 Words   |  12 Pages　 In 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused massive damage around Gulf of Mexico. Especially, New Orleans was flooded most severely, so once approximately 80% of the city was under the water. Many articles criticize the poor management for Katrina, on the other hand, some articles can positively accept the preparation for Hurricane Sandy in 2012. For example, GSN (Government Security News) released their article in 2015, and the title is â€Å"Response to Sandy shows Katrina lessons mostly learned, saysRead MoreEssay on Differences Between Mitigation and Preparedness1703 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiences a variety of natural disasters throughout the year. Because of hurricanes on the Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf of Mexico coasts, earthquakes near the San Andreas and other fault lines, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes in the plains, and floods throughout the Midwest, the United States suf fers approximately $1 billion in losses each week. From 1990-93, losses surpassed those during the previous decade, mainly due to Hurricane Andrew, the Midwest and Northwest floods, and the Northridge EarthquakeRead MoreTeaching Profession As A Career Choice Of Mine920 Words   |  4 Pagesgrandmother, and grandfather worked and how little recognition they were given for that work. I witnessed countless hours spent grading student work and leaving meaningful feedback. I saw my adult family members pouring over textbooks like students preparing for the next day’s lessons. I noticed that this was not a job that one is able to clock out of or leave at the office for the next day. I realized that the money while enough to live on, was not enough to do the things I wanted to be able to do inRead MorePreparedness Is A Global Threat2596 Words   |  11 Pagessee on the news every day that disasters such as fires, floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, flu, or Ebola can wipe away an ent ire nation in a short span of time. The United States, like all countries, faces many threats with the potential for large-scale health consequences, including disease outbreaks, natural disasters, and terrorist attacks, just to name a few. The most recent cases were Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and super storm Sandy in 2012 which had devastating effect of the nation’s populationRead MoreThe Natural Hazards That Have Impacted The United States3143 Words   |  13 PagesWhile we do not have historical record of all of the natural hazards that have impacted the United States, we do know that for multitudes of years, the United States has been hit by many natural hazards – hurricane, tornado, drought, wildfire, flood and earthquake, to name a few. As each of these natural hazards occur, multiple issues arise – relative to the core components of emergency management: mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. Yet, even with prior knowledge from years past

Kashmir Blessed yet Deprived Free Essays

The beauty of this land truly cannot be captured by photography nor expressed by poetry. One must visit Kashmir to feel the essence of the mesmerizing topography of this blessed region. The land of saffron fields, cherry blossoms, Maple Trees, peaceful lakes, Crystal clear streams flowing and stunning gardens. We will write a custom essay sample on Kashmir: Blessed yet Deprived or any similar topic only for you Order Now No praise seems enough to glorify the beauty of this splendid, natural and superb asset to mother earth. The region today bears the weight of a terribly chaotic past and the most uncertain future. Nobody really knows or can predict the future of the state that can be the most resourceful and progressive independent state. People live by the day, taking what comes by. The political system here lies in a total shameful condition with the assembly being run by aimless and pointless bunch of goons whose only perspective to amass as much wealth as they can while they remain in power. It really doesn’t matter to them the pathetic life conditions that the common man here lives by. Access to basic amenities such as quality healthcare, healthy education system, robust transport facilities and so on, are far below standards worthy of a mention. Life conditions in this land are so poor that it pains me to say that human life here has no value at all. The state administration being aware of such inert life conditions doesn’t seem to be willing to take notice and act aptly to bring in a general standard above the current. My article here is inspired by my visit to one of the prominent government hospitals of the region known as GB Pant Cantonment General Hospital located at Sonawar, Srinagar. Please do take time to browse through the pictures that I managed to click of the neonatal intensive care unit that had about 35 + babies kept under incubation for various medical conditions and believe me some really critical. I saw the entire ward being managed by just one duty doctor who from his look seemed most inexperienced and unskilled to dispense the right medical course to these ailing babies. I happened to ask him if there was a senior doctor available and was snubbed and told that its was none of my business. I went on to click some more pictures of the ward and was threatened with dire consequences if I didn’t stop and get out. Anyways as I walked out into the parking lot I met a few anxious fathers of babies that were new born and ailing and was shocked to know their state. I was told that being a government hospital doctors would charge money from them and stop all treatment if they were denied of the money quoted and if one didn’t have money they would even go onto stop attending to the patients. Furthermore what was shocking is that this hospital was in the news about 3 months ago for 500 deaths of newborn babies and children below 5 years of age. I happened to witness the death of a child right at the time when I was leaving the hospital after having dropped off a neighbor whose child was admitted just then. There needs to be some sort of a reprimand to sanitize the hospital administration to create a healthy, modern and apt facility. The irony here is that the cabinet health minister: Mr Ghulam Nabi Azad hails from this region and yet his backyard suffers at the misery of such pitiable healthcare facilities. Strangely the hospital is the only one of its kind for children with no other option for one to choose from. Kindly take note of the pictures attached to see for yourself the heart wrecking state of the prime most amenity for any society. Kudos to Mr. Omar Abdullah way to go. At this state only the Abdullah’s, Geelani’s, Mirwaiz and Mufti’s will be able to produce and grow healthy kids as they can afford world class treatment outside the valley. How to cite Kashmir: Blessed yet Deprived, Papers

Fall of Roman Empire free essay sample

Every glories Empire has one day to decline and fall, but every decline has causes and resons behind them, so we are going to discuss some of the key factors that played important role in the fall of once a mighty empire. The empire which was said to be unconquereable, and undefeatable because of its huge expensions and its population as well as its governance, and the key factors due to which that mighty empire had to see its decline. Background and History: The beginning and foundation of Roman empire is a myth. Rome began anexing provinces in the 3rd century BC. Augustus became the first emperor of Roman Empire after he defeated Cleopatra in 31 BC, saving the Roman Empire and making Egypt its province. The reign of Agustus whose real name was Octavious and Augustus was the title given to him lasted for 40 years, era known as the Golden Age rome as rome has extended its territories very large. [1] During Antiquity Age or Ancient age Rome was known as the biggest Economical, Military, Social power of the world along with other big Empires like Persia. Rome had the civilized socierty, great architecture, government structure, military, huge territory mostly expanding over the now a days Europe, and great power status. During its early stages religion of rome was polytheistic which they inspired from Ancient Greek dieties and by changing the names of dieties took the religion but later Chritianity took over the Rome and became the state religion of Rome [2]. . After seeing the era of glory and as the Biggest Empire of ancient age, Era of Roman empire came to an end. After its end Chritian Roman Empire came to existence. Factors for the Decline of Roman Empire. Religious Factor: For every civilization and Empire religion has been the main factor for the rise and fall of it. So as the case with Roman Empire religion has been considered as one of the main Factors to which it falls from the glory. During the Ancient Ages the state religion of the Roman Empire was polytheistic, which the people of Rome had assumed from the Greek dieties, they changed thier name and acquired it as their religion. In the Roman Empire same dieties were worshiped but under the different name in different parts of the Empire. People were tolerent and accomodating towords new dieties and the the religious expiriences of other people. After the beginning and spreading of Christianity, which people accepted quickly as the belief of Chritianity was to beleive in one God insted of worshiping different dieties. Christianity also gave the belief in the after life and hope and courage to people who desperate. At first Christianity was supressed in early ages, but after Emperor Constantine pronounced Christianity as the states religion, the new religion grew its root in the lower class of society and with time to the whole Empire. As the growth of Christianity the church and monestry grew into power so the power of pope, with the decline in the authority of the Emperor. Which is thought be one of the reasons behind the Decline of Roman Empire. [3] Decline in Moral Values: One of the main Reason for the fall of the Roman empire was the decline in the moral values of the society, especially in the difference between the upper rich classes, nobles and emperors. Immoral and unathical behavoiours such as adultry and orgies rise, and so the borthel and forced prostituation flourished. With the decline in the morals of the society saw the decline in petroitism in people and people became less alligience to the state [5]. The decline in the morals of the society also effected the poor class and slaves in the Roman Empire and with that extend of the decline in morals in all the classes of society became one of the factor for the fall of Roman Empire. [4] Slavary: Slavary became one of the reason for the fall of Roman Empire. During the first two centries of Roman Empire slavary grew dramatically, and with the increase in number of slaves caused the decline in the morals of the society, ethics and more importantly in the development and need for the new technology. As Roman people relied more on the slaves and man power instead of the technology. Due to the wrong and cruel treatment with the slaves led to the reballions and slave wars. But with the advent of Christianity the attitude towards slaves changed and so in the numbers of slaves declined, with the decline of the slaves the man power on which the whole Roman Empire was dependend declined, which caused a major blow toward the fall of Roman Empire as the tackle this crisis there was no technology to replace the needed man power. External and internal Threats and Military Spendings: As the Roman Empire expanded its territories very rapidly and conquered a large are, came the need to defend its borders and territories from invasion by the Barbarians and other threats. And for that reason a large number of army was required and more and more soldiers were hired. The people of the conquered territories hated Rome for their conquere, more and more taxes were implemented on those people which made them to continuously rebbel against the empire. A large ammount of money was spent on the hiring and training of soldiers. The barbarians and the other mecenries were also allowed to join in the army, which caused in the over-streching of the army and heaving spending on them. The barbarians and mecenries who joined the military of Rome gained the knowledge of the Roman military tactics and Roman style warfare by serving the military. Eventually turned against the Roman empire and used thier tactics and warfare again them to take down the Roman Empire. [5] Failing Economy and Inflation: Economy has always remained the main factor in the fall of civilization and Empire. When for some reason economy is effected, so the people are, mostly the low or poor class is effected because of fail in economy. As far with rome, rome was in the state of continuous war to defend its over-streached territory and supress the rebellions and barbarians of the lands they conquered, Rome was always threatened by the bankruptcy and failing economy [5]. Due to the heavy spending on the Roman military the productivity of good in Rome declined and so the Rome became more dependent over the foreign products. Due to decline in the moral and ethical values of society and people, breakdown the labour force occurred. Some and the main parts of the empires were not taxed but the other conquered and least important territories were heavly taxed [6]. Political Reason: Politics is a very important and essential part of the society. The rise and fall of empire widely depends of its political structure, even religion, military, economy and goverment widely depends on the political establishment of the society. Courrption and failuir in the politics causes the major reson in the fall of civilization. For Rome its politics was the integral part of the Empire. The Roman Empire was Republic and was governed by the elected counsul, the senate, and the piebian council, which was the popular assembly of Rome [7]. The courrption in counsul, senate and piebian councile was one of the main reasons for the fall of Empire. The other political courrption was in the Praetorian Guards, who were the elite soldiers and bodyguards of the emperors sworn to protect the emperor with their lives, few in numbers but strong in power. Their corruption led and grew to such extant that they started to decide on when and weather the emperor should be deposed or who should be made the next emperor of the Roman Empire. Public Corruption: One of the reasons for the fall of the roman empire was the unemploment of the working class and the cost of the Gladiatorial game. If the thousands of the people of Roman Empire are unemloyed and they are bored and nothing to they would start civil unrest and roits in the street. So, the Roman leader distracted these people with free food and gladiatorial games. Instead of speanding money for the betterment of people and to provide job oppertunities for these people, a large sum of money was spended over the games to amuse these people, so they do not start roiting in the street and cause civil unrest, the corrupt politician used these games and free food to gain the favor and support over the unemployment people, these games cost one third of the total income of the whole Roman Empire. Reference: [1]. http://www. historyworld. net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories. sp? historyid=ac58. [2]. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome. [3]. http://www. roman-colosseum. info/roman-empire/causes-for-the-fall-of-the-roman-empire. htm [4]. http://www. roman-colosseum. info/roman-empire/causes-for-the-fall-of-the-roman-empire. htm. [5]. http://www. angelfire. com/darkside/sjhscult/notes/unit1/fall_rome. htm. [6]. http://www. angelfire. com/darkside/sjhscult/notes/unit1/fall_rome. htm. [7]. http://www. enotes. com/roman-empire-reference-guide/ roman-empire.

Business Research and Communication Complex Products

Question: Discuss about The Business Research and Communication for Complex Products. Answer: do Pao, A., Alves, H., Shiel, C. and Filho, W.L., 2014. An analysis of the measurement of the construct buying behaviour in green marketing.Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences,11(1), pp.55-69. This articles states that the method behind the decision of customers while buying green product is complex. The factors that influence consumers while purchasing a product are still not fully understood. Therefore, this study was done on 1175 university students from four countries using a survey approach in order to rest a green behavioural model (Pao et al. 2014). From the results, table was formed where it is seen that within green purchasing behaviour, students have replied variously. Some of them stated that they buy products that are labelled as environmentally safe or products that contains no or less amount of chemical ingredient. However, it is also seen that a lot of students stated that they buy products only if it is against animal testing. In the same table, another study that was done by Schlegelmilch again shows that consumers have developed behaviour where they go for those products that are not tested on animals (Pao et al. 2014). However, products that can be recyc led, energy efficient, does not contain excessive packaging and are packaged in reusable containers influence customers more than any other factor. However, at least a few amounts of consumers are concerned about animal welfare and their buying behaviour depends on whether the product has the labelling against animal testing or not. Grunert, K.G., Hieke, S. and Wills, J., 2014. Sustainability labels on food products: Consumer motivation, understanding and use.Food Policy,44, pp.177-189. This article investigates a connection between motivations and understanding of the consumers and use of sustainability labels of food products. Demand of sustainability levels including environmental and ethical labels is increasing on food products that mostly focus on fair trade, carbon footprint, rainforest alliance and animal welfare. This study also describes that the addition of details about the standards of animal welfare that means no animal was harmed and used for testing during manufacture of a product can lead to positive consumer reactions (Grunert et al. 2014). For this research, questionnaire was developed to examine product-specific inspiration to route sustainability information and for measuring use of the label information. Those products were chocolate, breakfast cereal, soft drinks, ice creams, coffee and ready meals. This research was conducted in several countries such as UK, Spain, Sweden, France, Poland and Germany. From the research result it is clear that labelling against animal resting influences consumer buying behaviour; however, that depends on the product they are buying. For example, in case of ice creams, nearly 20% respondents stated that animal welfare labelling affects their buying behaviour (Grunert et al. 2014). Same respond was collected in case of ready meals products. However, for products such as coffee or chocolates, consumers look for other labelling information such as working condition, deforestation, use of plastic, amount of packaging, environmental damage and starvation and malnutrition. Hahnel, U.J., Arnold, O., Waschto, M., Korcaj, L., Hillmann, K., Roser, D. and Spada, H., 2015. The power of putting a label on it: green labels weigh heavier than contradicting product information for consumers purchase decisions and post-purchase behavior.Frontiers in psychology,6. According to this article, product labelling not only ensures its environment friendly nature, but also is an effective strategy that can influence customers to buy it. However, according to Hahnel et al. (2015), product labels sometimes promise more than it can offer. Therefore, this research mainly examined the expectation of consumers with high environment friendly motivation have powerful preferences for green label products or not. However, in addition to the environmental information, three other categories were also included in this study which is dermatological excellence, animal protection and worker security (Hahnel et al. 2015). In the end of the research, it was found that the link that was established between green-labelled product and consumer environment friendly was powerful. Study 3 clearly exhibits that consumers are more attracted towards green products and the products that are properly labelled (Hahnel et al. 2015). It was also found that, in the purchasing task, participants who have an ecological motivation spent more amount of money on green products such as products that had labels describing it does not include animal testing procedures. This clearly indicates that labelling against animal testing actually influence consumer buying decisions. Consumers will mostly buy those products that are not tested on animals in order to find out whether it has a side effect or not. Heraldsun.com.au, (2016).Ban for cosmetics tested on animals. [online] Heraldsun.com.au. Available at: https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/cosmetics-tested-on-animals-to-be-banned-in-australia/news-story/a6362ab50a6146af5c83e60c8e40d93e [Accessed 18 Sep. 2016]. This news was published on 2nd June 2016 stating that a number of products were banned as they were tested on animals (Heraldsun.com.au 2016). It also says that some other products that have been tested on animals or have ingredients that are tested on animals will be banned next year. However, this law will be applicable only on new products and will allow responsible animal testing for medicinal tests and for drug improvement. Assistant health minister of Australia strongly announced that there is no need to test cosmetics on animals. A number of countries including European Union have already banned this procedure as it is highly unethical and unnecessary. He also added that testing the ingredients of cosmetics on living creature is a sign of cruelty and that is why Australia will shake hands with other communities and will ban this process completely (Heraldsun.com.au 2016). He also believes that this decision will bring a positive atmosphere for consumers also. It clearly says t hat Australian consumers are also against this procedure of testing ingredients on animals. From this news it can be understood that with the health minister of Australia the consumers of the country also supports this decision as not much of protest was seen which clearly indicates that consumers do want to buy products that are against the testing on animals. www.accc.gov.au/, (2014).Advertising and selling guide - Animal welfare claims. [online] Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Available at: https://www.accc.gov.au/publications/advertising-selling/advertising-and-selling-guide/marketing-claims-that-require-extra-care-premium-and-credence-claims/animal-welfare-claims [Accessed 18 Sep. 2016]. While speaking on the topic of products that are not tested on animals and labelling related to it, Australian Government expressed its concerns. According to the Government of Australia, some business organizations deliberately claim that their products are not tested on animals however, those claims are not clear and accurate (accc.gov.au 2014). The Government also said that, if labelling shows against animal testing that does not mean that the product is not tested on animals. It can only represent a viewpoint only and therefore, it is misleading. Some products also include labelling that says not tested on animal unless required by law. This happens for some products which cannot be sold without executing a test on animals (accc.gov.au 2014). However, this type of labelling is utterly misleading and deceptive. Therefore, the Government wants that the organizations should make their claims clear and transparent which will make sure that consumers can understand whether it is reall y tested or not. Australian Governments selling guide strictly promotes animal welfare claims. The Government has also banned product that conduct animal testing which is described in the previous study (accc.gov.au 2014). It was done to support the customers of the organization who mostly believe in ethical buying and do not want to be a pt of the products that violates animal welfare rules and regulations. Reference do Pao, A., Alves, H., Shiel, C. and Filho, W.L., 2014. An analysis of the measurement of the construct buying behaviour in green marketing.Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences,11(1), pp.55-69. Grunert, K.G., Hieke, S. and Wills, J., 2014. Sustainability labels on food products: Consumer motivation, understanding and use.Food Policy,44, pp.177-189. Hahnel, U.J., Arnold, O., Waschto, M., Korcaj, L., Hillmann, K., Roser, D. and Spada, H., 2015. The power of putting a label on it: green labels weigh heavier than contradicting product information for consumers purchase decisions and post-purchase behavior.Frontiers in psychology,6. Heraldsun.com.au, (2016).Ban for cosmetics tested on animals. [online] Heraldsun.com.au. Available at: https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/cosmetics-tested-on-animals-to-be-banned-in-australia/news-story/a6362ab50a6146af5c83e60c8e40d93e [Accessed 18 Sep. 2016]. www.accc.gov.au/, (2014).Advertising and selling guide - Animal welfare claims. [online] Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Available at: https://www.accc.gov.au/publications/advertising-selling/advertising-and-selling-guide/marketing-claims-that-require-extra-care-premium-and-credence-claims/animal-welfare-claims [Accessed 18 Sep. 2016].