What Are the Effects of Adhd in the Classroom - 5060 Words

AEN Module Essay on an area of educational need: ADHD. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common and most distressing disorders amongst school-age children, yet it is probably one of the least well understood. It has received a lot of awareness mainly because of the large numbers of children receiving drug treatment for the disorder. Where children have behavioural problems and parents are finding it hard to manage, it is expected that they will turn to teachers for guidance and help. ADHD can drastically affect childrens development at school, not only their work but also their social progress and the relationships that they have with teachers and their peers. If not identified early, long-term†¦show more content†¦Hyperactivity, for example, is more frequent in children from families with marital discord, conflict and hostile parent-child relationships (Taylor, 1994). Parents of ADHD children are more likely to be more negative towards their children than other parents (Cunningham and Barkl ey, 1979), but this could be a response to the demands of living with a child with challenging behaviour (Barkley, 1990; Taylor, 1994). The progress of associated problems such as conduct disorder may also be parenting and social factors. Diet A study by Feingold (1975) first brought up the idea that diet may be an influential factor in ADHD and some single cases studies have recommended that a chance in diet can be beneficial for some individuals. More recent studies, however, have confirmed little or no effect of a change of diet and Barkley (1990) concluded that there was little verification to support diet being a causal factor. I believe that the most likely causes appear to fall into the area of neurobiology and genetics. I do not discard that environmental factors may influence the aspects of the disorder, but I believe suchShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1058 Words   |  5 PagesIn classrooms today, there are many children who suffer from disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (or ADHD/ADD.) While much is known about these disorders and how they affect the education of children, there are only a few known methods that consistently help an affected child focus and target in on what they need to learn. Medication for children With Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder must be used as an aid to help the affected child to focus and comprehend informationRead MoreThe Class Placement of Students with ADD/ADHD1721 Words   |  7 Pagessuch as ADD/ADHD are continuously perceived as incompetent to adapt to a traditional classroom setting with students w ho have no learning disabilities. Consequently, many students with learning disabilities are placed in classrooms that are designated only for students with learning disabilities. Schools use a non-inclusive setting when students with learning impairments like ADD/ADHD are placed in a â€Å"special class† with other learning impairment students. This non-inclusive classroom placement causesRead MoreEssay about Students With ADD/ADHD and Class Placement1218 Words   |  5 PagesContemporary students with learning-disabilities such as ADD/ADHD are continuously perceived as incompetent to adapt in an ordinary classroom setting with other students without learning-disabilities. Consequently, many students with learning disabilities are placed in classrooms that are designated only for students with learning disabilities. It is because of this classroom placement problem that many learning-impaired students are doing worse academically and socially in a non-inclusive settingRead MoreAdhd And Its Effects On Children Essay1588 Words   |  7 Pagesdiagnosed with ADHD, 60 million children and adults in the U.S. who struggle with learning and attention issues as reported by the National Center of Learning Disabilities. Approximately 5% of school-aged children and adolescents are highly affected. Currently, medication seems to be the first line of treatment for ADHD and there are many side effects that go along with that because it is a stimulant medication. Stimulant medicines do not help with all behaviors and signs of ADHD. ADHD is the most commonRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1181 Words   |  5 PagesAttention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental disorder, is becoming more and more predominant every year throughout the entire world. It is one of the most common disorders that today’s children have. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, â€Å"Rates of ADHD diagnosis increase d an average of 3% per year from 1997 to 2006 and an average of approximately 5% per year from 2003 to 2011,† which illustrates that this disorder is becoming a common one to diagnoseRead MoreTeaching Students with Adhd1433 Words   |  6 PagesTeaching Students with ADHD J. Palmer Capella University Abstract In recent history, the number of students diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder has grown tremendously; causing teachers to face new challenges on how to instruct students with behavioral and learning difficulties. Students with ADHD have not only the privilege, but also the right to learn according to the Public Law 94-142 and the Americans with Disabilities Act. There is growing debate about methods that areRead MoreEffective Management Techniques For Children With Adhd1386 Words   |  6 Pageshelp kids with ADHD There are many things that a teacher should do, and has to do and one of those things is b an advocate for one of their students if there is a need for that. One thing that I have been thinking about a lot when it comes to topics that are important to be a child’s advocate for and that is ADHD. This is an important topic so I will be giving teachers some ways of how to help the teacher keep kids with ADHD in a general education classroom, along with manage the ADHD that the kidsRead MoreChildren With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder1525 Words   |  7 Pagesworries about having the coolest pencils, making a sports team, and what they’re having for lunch. Unfortunately, children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) don’t have it so easy. Daily life in and outside of the classroom can be extremely difficult for such children; however, there are ways to help. The drug Ritalin helps elementary aged male children with ADHD improve test scores by allowing them to focus in the classroom and concentrate on schoolwork (Bronson). Not using a stimulantRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1346 Words   |  6 PagesMerrell, 2006). A child with this disorder can seem off task, too excited, disorganized, or distracted. ADHD effects between three and five percent of children, which means teachers will more than likely come into contact with a child of this disorder. As mentioned by Harlacher in â€Å"Class wide Interventions for Students with ADHD†, teachers should become familiar with some interventions necessary for ADHD children. Individual interventions are beneficial, but class wide interventions allow all childrenRead MoreBasic Treatment and Information on Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder: A Guide for EC and non-EC teachers1452 Words   |  6 PagesAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, is a behavior disability that affects children from 6-12 years of age and continues to show symptoms later in their adult life. Even though large amounts of the population are affected by ADHD, it is still unknown as to what the exact cause of ADHD. Depending on what type of diagnostic is used, there are anywhere from 1-2% to 6-7% of children around the world that have ADHD. Even though the exact cause of ADHD is not known, there are many people that

Ethical Issues in Couseling Confidentiality Essay

Ethical Issues in Counseling: Confidentiality According to Code of Ethics of the American Mental Health Counselors Association (2000) it has the following principle about confidentiality: At the outset of any counseling relationship, mental health counselors make their clients aware of their rights in regard to confidential nature of the counseling relationship. â€Å"They fully disclose the limits of, or exceptions to, confidentiality, and or the existence of privileged communication, if any. (Corey, Schneider Callanan, 2011) This previous paragraph clearly stating what our ethical approach to confidentiality should be can be found in section 3.a in the Code of Ethics of the AMHCA. This paper starts with this probably confusing to others†¦show more content†¦Speaking of ways that the Code of Ethics may be â€Å"broken† what do we do when is a life threatening situation like AIDS and there is a 3rd party involved? And What if it is a minor? What should we as counselor do? Will we be breaking the code of ethi cs? These are questions that rose in my mind when searching for articles for this paper and it is important to cover them. According to Elliot D. Cohen in his article titled â€Å" Confidentiality, counseling, and Clients who have AIDS: Ethical Foundations of a Model Rule† he points out that the Ethical Standards of the American Association of Counseling and Development (AACD) â€Å" the counseling relationship and information resulting therefrom must be kept confidential, consistent with the obligations of the member as a professional person† (AACD,1988,Section b.2) meaning that all information that is shared in a counseling session should be kept confidential, as a secret between client and counselor, and that is something that when we hear the word confidential we immediately think no information will be shared with anybody else, but there is certain circumstances where this ethical code might not apply. If you find out for a fact, that your client, that you have been treating has a life threatening disease like AIDS, and is having sexual relations with another person things might change a little,

René Laennec and the Invention of the Stethoscope

The stethoscope is an implement for listening to the internal sounds of the body. It is widely used by doctors and veterinarians to gather data from their patients, in particular, breathing and heart rate. The stethoscope may be acoustic or electronic, and some modern stethoscopes record sounds, as well.   The Stethoscope: An Instrument Born of Embarrassment The stethoscope was invented in 1816 by the French physician Renà © Thà ©ophile Hyacinthe Laà «nnec (1781-1826) at the Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital in Paris. The doctor was treating a female patient and was embarrassed to use the traditional method of Immediate Auscultation, which involved the doctor pressing his ear to the patients chest. (Laà «nnec recounts that the method was rendered  inadmissible by the age and sex of the patient.) Instead, he rolled up a sheet of paper into a tube, which allowed him to hear his patients heartbeat. Laà «nnecs embarrassment gave rise to one of the most important and ubiquitous medical instruments. The first stethoscope was a wooden tube similar to the ear horn hearing aids of the time. Between 1816 and 1840, the various practitioners and inventors replaced the rigid tube with a flexible one, but documentation of this phase of the device’s evolution is spotty. We do know that the next leap forward in stethoscope technology took place in 1851 when an Irish doctor named Arthur Leared invented a binaural (two-ear) version of the stethoscope. This was refined the next year by George Cammann and put into mass production.   Other improvements to the stethoscope came in 1926, when Dr. Howard Sprague of Harvard Medical School and M.B. Rappaport, an electrical engineer, developed a double-headed chest piece. One side of the chest piece, a flat plastic diaphragm, rendered higher-frequency sounds when pressed to the patient’s skin, while the other side, a cup-like bell, allowed sounds of a lower frequency to be discerned.

Hurricane Sandy Preparing For The Future Essay - 1122 Words

Hurricane Sandy: Preparing for the Future Junot Diaz once said â€Å"Disasters don’t just happen. They are always made possible by a series of often-invisible societal choices that implicate more than just those being drowned or buried in rubble† (Junot Diaz, 1). This quote introduces the idea of what is referred to as a social disaster. A social disaster can be a natural disaster such as earthquakes, tsunamis, or hurricanes etc. that are associated with some environmental, cultural, or political problem (Hovenac, 1). These societal problems can be a result of the natural disaster but more often issues that have always been there that are uncovered by the event of the natural disaster. When we look back at natural disasters that have occurred in United States, we notice that societal issues also arise with these events. A known example of this is when Hurricane Katrina hit the United States in 2005. As a result of the storm, researchers claimed that the socioeconomic st atus of those affected by the storm played a vital role in the damages that they face. This natural disaster brought attention to the pressing issue of the socioeconomic imbalance in our country and how it affects those in a natural disaster. Like Hurricane Katrina, Hurricane Sandy is another natural disaster that is also considered a social disaster. This storm, which struck the northeast coast of the United States in late October of 2012, uncovered some pressing societal issues in the United States.Show MoreRelatedDescription of superstorm sandy â€Å"Superstorm Sandy† is the unofficial name for Hurricane Sandy, the800 Words   |  4 PagesDescription of superstorm sandy â€Å"Superstorm Sandy† is the unofficial name for Hurricane Sandy, the deadliest and the most destructive hurricane of the 2012 hurricane season. It was a category three when it was at its peak. It was also the 18th storm named and the second major hurricane in the year 2012. While the hurricane was at its category two, it hit the Northeastern United States and was the largest Atlantic hurricane ever in terms of diameter with winds spanning 11,000 miles. The overall damageRead MoreAdaptive Capacity Of Coastal Cities3225 Words   |  13 Pagesthe Aftermath of Hurricane Sandy: The Role of Government Policy (NOAA) Introduction: The role of government and its response to during Hurricane Sandy in October of 2012 remains a controversial affair to this day. From a policy perspective the United States government, federal, state, and local levels could have been better prepared as described in this proposal. The debate on how well emergency management personnel was put into the national spotlight during Super Storm Sandy. News headlinesRead MoreFirst Responders During Natural Disasters2036 Words   |  9 PagesMajor Hurricane disasters along the coastlines have affected many cities and communities which have forced them to take into action and adopt the conception of emergency management, disaster preparedness, first responders and recovery planning. First responders play an intricate role during natural disaster; the first people to report on the scene are firefighters, police officers, paramedics and emergency medical technicians (EMT). These individuals risk their lives every day to make sure civiliansRead MoreThe Negative Impacts Of Hurricanes1774 Words   |  8 Pages Hurricanes are some of the costliest and most dangerous events that happen in our world. Many historical hurricanes like Harvey, Katrina, Sandy have killed hundreds of people and cost billions of dollars to repair the damages. But many reform bills and agencies throughout the years have either improved humanitarian conditions or became under tremendous scrutiny by the public for its lack of assistance. In addition, there have been many technological advances made to help people prepare before andRead MoreEssay on American Red Cross Ethical Struggles3182 Words   |  13 Pagesdistributed to the aid of 9/11 victims and their families. So where did the money go? At that time the President of the ARC Bernadine Healy claimed that the majority of the money that was donated went into the company’s corporate governance and/or future catastrophe preparation (Ferrell, 2011). Not to mention, the American Red Cross encour aged people to donate blood when blood was not needed at that time. This caused the ARC to be The American Red Cross (ARC) Apinya Rakklang Professor Afraa Al BahraniRead MoreThe Poor Management For Katrina2894 Words   |  12 Pages　 In 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused massive damage around Gulf of Mexico. Especially, New Orleans was flooded most severely, so once approximately 80% of the city was under the water. Many articles criticize the poor management for Katrina, on the other hand, some articles can positively accept the preparation for Hurricane Sandy in 2012. For example, GSN (Government Security News) released their article in 2015, and the title is â€Å"Response to Sandy shows Katrina lessons mostly learned, saysRead MoreEssay on Differences Between Mitigation and Preparedness1703 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiences a variety of natural disasters throughout the year. Because of hurricanes on the Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf of Mexico coasts, earthquakes near the San Andreas and other fault lines, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes in the plains, and floods throughout the Midwest, the United States suf fers approximately $1 billion in losses each week. From 1990-93, losses surpassed those during the previous decade, mainly due to Hurricane Andrew, the Midwest and Northwest floods, and the Northridge EarthquakeRead MoreTeaching Profession As A Career Choice Of Mine920 Words   |  4 Pagesgrandmother, and grandfather worked and how little recognition they were given for that work. I witnessed countless hours spent grading student work and leaving meaningful feedback. I saw my adult family members pouring over textbooks like students preparing for the next day’s lessons. I noticed that this was not a job that one is able to clock out of or leave at the office for the next day. I realized that the money while enough to live on, was not enough to do the things I wanted to be able to do inRead MorePreparedness Is A Global Threat2596 Words   |  11 Pagessee on the news every day that disasters such as fires, floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, flu, or Ebola can wipe away an ent ire nation in a short span of time. The United States, like all countries, faces many threats with the potential for large-scale health consequences, including disease outbreaks, natural disasters, and terrorist attacks, just to name a few. The most recent cases were Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and super storm Sandy in 2012 which had devastating effect of the nation’s populationRead MoreThe Natural Hazards That Have Impacted The United States3143 Words   |  13 PagesWhile we do not have historical record of all of the natural hazards that have impacted the United States, we do know that for multitudes of years, the United States has been hit by many natural hazards – hurricane, tornado, drought, wildfire, flood and earthquake, to name a few. As each of these natural hazards occur, multiple issues arise – relative to the core components of emergency management: mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. Yet, even with prior knowledge from years past

Kashmir Blessed yet Deprived Free Essays

The beauty of this land truly cannot be captured by photography nor expressed by poetry. One must visit Kashmir to feel the essence of the mesmerizing topography of this blessed region. The land of saffron fields, cherry blossoms, Maple Trees, peaceful lakes, Crystal clear streams flowing and stunning gardens. We will write a custom essay sample on Kashmir: Blessed yet Deprived or any similar topic only for you Order Now No praise seems enough to glorify the beauty of this splendid, natural and superb asset to mother earth. The region today bears the weight of a terribly chaotic past and the most uncertain future. Nobody really knows or can predict the future of the state that can be the most resourceful and progressive independent state. People live by the day, taking what comes by. The political system here lies in a total shameful condition with the assembly being run by aimless and pointless bunch of goons whose only perspective to amass as much wealth as they can while they remain in power. It really doesn’t matter to them the pathetic life conditions that the common man here lives by. Access to basic amenities such as quality healthcare, healthy education system, robust transport facilities and so on, are far below standards worthy of a mention. Life conditions in this land are so poor that it pains me to say that human life here has no value at all. The state administration being aware of such inert life conditions doesn’t seem to be willing to take notice and act aptly to bring in a general standard above the current. My article here is inspired by my visit to one of the prominent government hospitals of the region known as GB Pant Cantonment General Hospital located at Sonawar, Srinagar. Please do take time to browse through the pictures that I managed to click of the neonatal intensive care unit that had about 35 + babies kept under incubation for various medical conditions and believe me some really critical. I saw the entire ward being managed by just one duty doctor who from his look seemed most inexperienced and unskilled to dispense the right medical course to these ailing babies. I happened to ask him if there was a senior doctor available and was snubbed and told that its was none of my business. I went on to click some more pictures of the ward and was threatened with dire consequences if I didn’t stop and get out. Anyways as I walked out into the parking lot I met a few anxious fathers of babies that were new born and ailing and was shocked to know their state. I was told that being a government hospital doctors would charge money from them and stop all treatment if they were denied of the money quoted and if one didn’t have money they would even go onto stop attending to the patients. Furthermore what was shocking is that this hospital was in the news about 3 months ago for 500 deaths of newborn babies and children below 5 years of age. I happened to witness the death of a child right at the time when I was leaving the hospital after having dropped off a neighbor whose child was admitted just then. There needs to be some sort of a reprimand to sanitize the hospital administration to create a healthy, modern and apt facility. The irony here is that the cabinet health minister: Mr Ghulam Nabi Azad hails from this region and yet his backyard suffers at the misery of such pitiable healthcare facilities. Strangely the hospital is the only one of its kind for children with no other option for one to choose from. Kindly take note of the pictures attached to see for yourself the heart wrecking state of the prime most amenity for any society. Kudos to Mr. Omar Abdullah way to go. At this state only the Abdullah’s, Geelani’s, Mirwaiz and Mufti’s will be able to produce and grow healthy kids as they can afford world class treatment outside the valley. How to cite Kashmir: Blessed yet Deprived, Papers

Fall of Roman Empire free essay sample

Every glories Empire has one day to decline and fall, but every decline has causes and resons behind them, so we are going to discuss some of the key factors that played important role in the fall of once a mighty empire. The empire which was said to be unconquereable, and undefeatable because of its huge expensions and its population as well as its governance, and the key factors due to which that mighty empire had to see its decline. Background and History: The beginning and foundation of Roman empire is a myth. Rome began anexing provinces in the 3rd century BC. Augustus became the first emperor of Roman Empire after he defeated Cleopatra in 31 BC, saving the Roman Empire and making Egypt its province. The reign of Agustus whose real name was Octavious and Augustus was the title given to him lasted for 40 years, era known as the Golden Age rome as rome has extended its territories very large. [1] During Antiquity Age or Ancient age Rome was known as the biggest Economical, Military, Social power of the world along with other big Empires like Persia. Rome had the civilized socierty, great architecture, government structure, military, huge territory mostly expanding over the now a days Europe, and great power status. During its early stages religion of rome was polytheistic which they inspired from Ancient Greek dieties and by changing the names of dieties took the religion but later Chritianity took over the Rome and became the state religion of Rome [2]. . After seeing the era of glory and as the Biggest Empire of ancient age, Era of Roman empire came to an end. After its end Chritian Roman Empire came to existence. Factors for the Decline of Roman Empire. Religious Factor: For every civilization and Empire religion has been the main factor for the rise and fall of it. So as the case with Roman Empire religion has been considered as one of the main Factors to which it falls from the glory. During the Ancient Ages the state religion of the Roman Empire was polytheistic, which the people of Rome had assumed from the Greek dieties, they changed thier name and acquired it as their religion. In the Roman Empire same dieties were worshiped but under the different name in different parts of the Empire. People were tolerent and accomodating towords new dieties and the the religious expiriences of other people. After the beginning and spreading of Christianity, which people accepted quickly as the belief of Chritianity was to beleive in one God insted of worshiping different dieties. Christianity also gave the belief in the after life and hope and courage to people who desperate. At first Christianity was supressed in early ages, but after Emperor Constantine pronounced Christianity as the states religion, the new religion grew its root in the lower class of society and with time to the whole Empire. As the growth of Christianity the church and monestry grew into power so the power of pope, with the decline in the authority of the Emperor. Which is thought be one of the reasons behind the Decline of Roman Empire. [3] Decline in Moral Values: One of the main Reason for the fall of the Roman empire was the decline in the moral values of the society, especially in the difference between the upper rich classes, nobles and emperors. Immoral and unathical behavoiours such as adultry and orgies rise, and so the borthel and forced prostituation flourished. With the decline in the morals of the society saw the decline in petroitism in people and people became less alligience to the state [5]. The decline in the morals of the society also effected the poor class and slaves in the Roman Empire and with that extend of the decline in morals in all the classes of society became one of the factor for the fall of Roman Empire. [4] Slavary: Slavary became one of the reason for the fall of Roman Empire. During the first two centries of Roman Empire slavary grew dramatically, and with the increase in number of slaves caused the decline in the morals of the society, ethics and more importantly in the development and need for the new technology. As Roman people relied more on the slaves and man power instead of the technology. Due to the wrong and cruel treatment with the slaves led to the reballions and slave wars. But with the advent of Christianity the attitude towards slaves changed and so in the numbers of slaves declined, with the decline of the slaves the man power on which the whole Roman Empire was dependend declined, which caused a major blow toward the fall of Roman Empire as the tackle this crisis there was no technology to replace the needed man power. External and internal Threats and Military Spendings: As the Roman Empire expanded its territories very rapidly and conquered a large are, came the need to defend its borders and territories from invasion by the Barbarians and other threats. And for that reason a large number of army was required and more and more soldiers were hired. The people of the conquered territories hated Rome for their conquere, more and more taxes were implemented on those people which made them to continuously rebbel against the empire. A large ammount of money was spent on the hiring and training of soldiers. The barbarians and the other mecenries were also allowed to join in the army, which caused in the over-streching of the army and heaving spending on them. The barbarians and mecenries who joined the military of Rome gained the knowledge of the Roman military tactics and Roman style warfare by serving the military. Eventually turned against the Roman empire and used thier tactics and warfare again them to take down the Roman Empire. [5] Failing Economy and Inflation: Economy has always remained the main factor in the fall of civilization and Empire. When for some reason economy is effected, so the people are, mostly the low or poor class is effected because of fail in economy. As far with rome, rome was in the state of continuous war to defend its over-streached territory and supress the rebellions and barbarians of the lands they conquered, Rome was always threatened by the bankruptcy and failing economy [5]. Due to the heavy spending on the Roman military the productivity of good in Rome declined and so the Rome became more dependent over the foreign products. Due to decline in the moral and ethical values of society and people, breakdown the labour force occurred. Some and the main parts of the empires were not taxed but the other conquered and least important territories were heavly taxed [6]. Political Reason: Politics is a very important and essential part of the society. The rise and fall of empire widely depends of its political structure, even religion, military, economy and goverment widely depends on the political establishment of the society. Courrption and failuir in the politics causes the major reson in the fall of civilization. For Rome its politics was the integral part of the Empire. The Roman Empire was Republic and was governed by the elected counsul, the senate, and the piebian council, which was the popular assembly of Rome [7]. The courrption in counsul, senate and piebian councile was one of the main reasons for the fall of Empire. The other political courrption was in the Praetorian Guards, who were the elite soldiers and bodyguards of the emperors sworn to protect the emperor with their lives, few in numbers but strong in power. Their corruption led and grew to such extant that they started to decide on when and weather the emperor should be deposed or who should be made the next emperor of the Roman Empire. Public Corruption: One of the reasons for the fall of the roman empire was the unemploment of the working class and the cost of the Gladiatorial game. If the thousands of the people of Roman Empire are unemloyed and they are bored and nothing to they would start civil unrest and roits in the street. So, the Roman leader distracted these people with free food and gladiatorial games. Instead of speanding money for the betterment of people and to provide job oppertunities for these people, a large sum of money was spended over the games to amuse these people, so they do not start roiting in the street and cause civil unrest, the corrupt politician used these games and free food to gain the favor and support over the unemployment people, these games cost one third of the total income of the whole Roman Empire. Reference: [1]. http://www. historyworld. net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories. sp? historyid=ac58. [2]. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome. [3]. http://www. roman-colosseum. info/roman-empire/causes-for-the-fall-of-the-roman-empire. htm [4]. http://www. roman-colosseum. info/roman-empire/causes-for-the-fall-of-the-roman-empire. htm. [5]. http://www. angelfire. com/darkside/sjhscult/notes/unit1/fall_rome. htm. [6]. http://www. angelfire. com/darkside/sjhscult/notes/unit1/fall_rome. htm. [7]. http://www. enotes. com/roman-empire-reference-guide/ roman-empire.

Business Research and Communication Complex Products

Question: Discuss about The Business Research and Communication for Complex Products. Answer: do Pao, A., Alves, H., Shiel, C. and Filho, W.L., 2014. An analysis of the measurement of the construct buying behaviour in green marketing.Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences,11(1), pp.55-69. This articles states that the method behind the decision of customers while buying green product is complex. The factors that influence consumers while purchasing a product are still not fully understood. Therefore, this study was done on 1175 university students from four countries using a survey approach in order to rest a green behavioural model (Pao et al. 2014). From the results, table was formed where it is seen that within green purchasing behaviour, students have replied variously. Some of them stated that they buy products that are labelled as environmentally safe or products that contains no or less amount of chemical ingredient. However, it is also seen that a lot of students stated that they buy products only if it is against animal testing. In the same table, another study that was done by Schlegelmilch again shows that consumers have developed behaviour where they go for those products that are not tested on animals (Pao et al. 2014). However, products that can be recyc led, energy efficient, does not contain excessive packaging and are packaged in reusable containers influence customers more than any other factor. However, at least a few amounts of consumers are concerned about animal welfare and their buying behaviour depends on whether the product has the labelling against animal testing or not. Grunert, K.G., Hieke, S. and Wills, J., 2014. Sustainability labels on food products: Consumer motivation, understanding and use.Food Policy,44, pp.177-189. This article investigates a connection between motivations and understanding of the consumers and use of sustainability labels of food products. Demand of sustainability levels including environmental and ethical labels is increasing on food products that mostly focus on fair trade, carbon footprint, rainforest alliance and animal welfare. This study also describes that the addition of details about the standards of animal welfare that means no animal was harmed and used for testing during manufacture of a product can lead to positive consumer reactions (Grunert et al. 2014). For this research, questionnaire was developed to examine product-specific inspiration to route sustainability information and for measuring use of the label information. Those products were chocolate, breakfast cereal, soft drinks, ice creams, coffee and ready meals. This research was conducted in several countries such as UK, Spain, Sweden, France, Poland and Germany. From the research result it is clear that labelling against animal resting influences consumer buying behaviour; however, that depends on the product they are buying. For example, in case of ice creams, nearly 20% respondents stated that animal welfare labelling affects their buying behaviour (Grunert et al. 2014). Same respond was collected in case of ready meals products. However, for products such as coffee or chocolates, consumers look for other labelling information such as working condition, deforestation, use of plastic, amount of packaging, environmental damage and starvation and malnutrition. Hahnel, U.J., Arnold, O., Waschto, M., Korcaj, L., Hillmann, K., Roser, D. and Spada, H., 2015. The power of putting a label on it: green labels weigh heavier than contradicting product information for consumers purchase decisions and post-purchase behavior.Frontiers in psychology,6. According to this article, product labelling not only ensures its environment friendly nature, but also is an effective strategy that can influence customers to buy it. However, according to Hahnel et al. (2015), product labels sometimes promise more than it can offer. Therefore, this research mainly examined the expectation of consumers with high environment friendly motivation have powerful preferences for green label products or not. However, in addition to the environmental information, three other categories were also included in this study which is dermatological excellence, animal protection and worker security (Hahnel et al. 2015). In the end of the research, it was found that the link that was established between green-labelled product and consumer environment friendly was powerful. Study 3 clearly exhibits that consumers are more attracted towards green products and the products that are properly labelled (Hahnel et al. 2015). It was also found that, in the purchasing task, participants who have an ecological motivation spent more amount of money on green products such as products that had labels describing it does not include animal testing procedures. This clearly indicates that labelling against animal testing actually influence consumer buying decisions. Consumers will mostly buy those products that are not tested on animals in order to find out whether it has a side effect or not. Heraldsun.com.au, (2016).Ban for cosmetics tested on animals. [online] Heraldsun.com.au. Available at: https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/cosmetics-tested-on-animals-to-be-banned-in-australia/news-story/a6362ab50a6146af5c83e60c8e40d93e [Accessed 18 Sep. 2016]. This news was published on 2nd June 2016 stating that a number of products were banned as they were tested on animals (Heraldsun.com.au 2016). It also says that some other products that have been tested on animals or have ingredients that are tested on animals will be banned next year. However, this law will be applicable only on new products and will allow responsible animal testing for medicinal tests and for drug improvement. Assistant health minister of Australia strongly announced that there is no need to test cosmetics on animals. A number of countries including European Union have already banned this procedure as it is highly unethical and unnecessary. He also added that testing the ingredients of cosmetics on living creature is a sign of cruelty and that is why Australia will shake hands with other communities and will ban this process completely (Heraldsun.com.au 2016). He also believes that this decision will bring a positive atmosphere for consumers also. It clearly says t hat Australian consumers are also against this procedure of testing ingredients on animals. From this news it can be understood that with the health minister of Australia the consumers of the country also supports this decision as not much of protest was seen which clearly indicates that consumers do want to buy products that are against the testing on animals. www.accc.gov.au/, (2014).Advertising and selling guide - Animal welfare claims. [online] Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Available at: https://www.accc.gov.au/publications/advertising-selling/advertising-and-selling-guide/marketing-claims-that-require-extra-care-premium-and-credence-claims/animal-welfare-claims [Accessed 18 Sep. 2016]. While speaking on the topic of products that are not tested on animals and labelling related to it, Australian Government expressed its concerns. According to the Government of Australia, some business organizations deliberately claim that their products are not tested on animals however, those claims are not clear and accurate (accc.gov.au 2014). The Government also said that, if labelling shows against animal testing that does not mean that the product is not tested on animals. It can only represent a viewpoint only and therefore, it is misleading. Some products also include labelling that says not tested on animal unless required by law. This happens for some products which cannot be sold without executing a test on animals (accc.gov.au 2014). However, this type of labelling is utterly misleading and deceptive. Therefore, the Government wants that the organizations should make their claims clear and transparent which will make sure that consumers can understand whether it is reall y tested or not. Australian Governments selling guide strictly promotes animal welfare claims. The Government has also banned product that conduct animal testing which is described in the previous study (accc.gov.au 2014). It was done to support the customers of the organization who mostly believe in ethical buying and do not want to be a pt of the products that violates animal welfare rules and regulations. Reference do Pao, A., Alves, H., Shiel, C. and Filho, W.L., 2014. An analysis of the measurement of the construct buying behaviour in green marketing.Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences,11(1), pp.55-69. Grunert, K.G., Hieke, S. and Wills, J., 2014. Sustainability labels on food products: Consumer motivation, understanding and use.Food Policy,44, pp.177-189. Hahnel, U.J., Arnold, O., Waschto, M., Korcaj, L., Hillmann, K., Roser, D. and Spada, H., 2015. The power of putting a label on it: green labels weigh heavier than contradicting product information for consumers purchase decisions and post-purchase behavior.Frontiers in psychology,6. Heraldsun.com.au, (2016).Ban for cosmetics tested on animals. [online] Heraldsun.com.au. Available at: https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/cosmetics-tested-on-animals-to-be-banned-in-australia/news-story/a6362ab50a6146af5c83e60c8e40d93e [Accessed 18 Sep. 2016]. www.accc.gov.au/, (2014).Advertising and selling guide - Animal welfare claims. [online] Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Available at: https://www.accc.gov.au/publications/advertising-selling/advertising-and-selling-guide/marketing-claims-that-require-extra-care-premium-and-credence-claims/animal-welfare-claims [Accessed 18 Sep. 2016].